雅思閲讀材料歐洲寓言名著的英文典故

　　1.a dog in the manger佔着茅坑不拉屎的人

出自《伊索寓言》，有一篇狗站馬槽的故事，説的是一頭狗躺在堆滿稻草的馬槽裏，狗是不吃草的動物，而當馬或牛一走進稻草時，這頭狗卻朝着馬，牛狂哮，不準食草動物享用。因此，狗站馬槽就成了一個家喻户曉的成語而進入英語中，常用來比喻a person who prevents others from enjoying sth that is useless to himself; a churlish fellow who will neither use a thing himself nor let others use it，諷刺那些佔據説職位或某些物質卻不做事的'人。

a dog in the manger是個名詞性短語，常與系動詞連用，充當表語

eg:He borrowed a lot of books from the library,but he didnt read a was really a dog in the manger.

There are some officials who are only the dogs in the manger.

Smith was a dog in the manger over that roll of wire;it was no use whatever to him,but he wouldnt let us have it.

　　 the cat自告奮勇去冒險;老虎頭上拍蒼蠅

bell the cat系成語to hang the bell about the cats neck的簡略，願意是給貓的脖子上掛鈴。它來自《伊索寓言》中的《老鼠會議》

這篇寓言講的是：一羣老鼠在鼠洞裏舉行會議，討論如何對付兇狠的貓。白鬍須老鼠提出：我有個方法，在貓的脖子上掛一個鈴。這樣，貓一走動鈴就響，我們就可以聞鈴聲而逃避了，羣鼠一致同意這個建議，歡呼：Thats a capital will bell the cat!No more fear of the cat!但是，誰去給貓掛鈴鐺呢?沒有一隻老鼠敢去，一個個都溜掉了。老鼠會議豪無結果，它們不安全的境況當然也無法改善。