考研英語如何解完形填空的詞彙辨析題

詞彙辨析題是考研英語完形填空必要考察的一類題型，大家一定要掌握，雖然完型投入產出比不高，但是必要的方法技巧還是應該多看看。小編為大家精心準備了考研英語完形填空詞彙辨析題的做題方法，歡迎大家前來閲讀。

　　考研英語完形填空詞彙辨析題的解法

一、形近詞辨析

所謂形近詞辨析就是指單詞看起來很像，但詞義截然不同，需要考生根據上下文選擇適合語境的詞義，主要考查學生的詞彙認知能力。例如：publicity，penalty，popularity，peculiarity首字母都為p，結尾都為ity，考生往往會混淆，但public，popular，peculiar都是考生很熟悉的單詞，而ity為大家熟知的名詞尾綴，因此可以大體判斷出詞義，penalty是法律上常用單詞，意近punishment，表示懲罰，例如death penalty意為死刑。

應對此類題目，考生需要掌握一定詞根詞綴知識，對單詞記憶準確，在複習時可以有意識將遇到的形近詞組合成詞羣進行記憶。

二、義近詞辨析

義近詞則辨析是指單詞意思相近，難度比形近詞更大，考頻也更高，這樣的題型要求考生不僅認識大體意思，更要明確單詞的確切含義、搭配、修飾關係、性質(如名詞可數不可數，動詞及物不及物等)。例如： natives，inhabitants，peoples，individuals都與人有關，但意義側重不同native為當地人，土著，inhabitant表示居民，peoples複數表示民族，individual強調個體的人。除了基本的意義區分外，還要注意搭配關係(動詞和名詞搭配，名詞和介詞搭配等)以及修飾關係(例如修飾語詞性和意義的區分)。

【題目演練】

1. Because of strong winds and severe storms, the Mayflower lost its .

[A] course

[B] route

[C] passage

[D] channel

【答案】A

【考點】近義詞辨析

【解析】空格處填入的名詞作lost的賓語，因此此題關鍵是判斷那個選項可與lost搭配且符合文意。四個選項構成的動賓搭配分別表示“迷失航向”、“迷失路線”、“迷失航程”和“迷失海峽”，顯然不存在後兩種搭配，首先排除[C]和[D]。由於文中具體指出了是海上航行，因此排除常指“地面路線”的route，最佳答案為[A]course。

2. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate smell receptors in the nose.

[A]unusual

[B]particular

[C]unique

[D]typical

【答案】B

【考點】修飾搭配

【解析】本題目選擇形容詞，修飾後面的名詞。句子敍述到This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate smell receptors in the nose. "這意味着有些人的鼻子裏缺少某種基因，這種基因是激發人鼻子裏的……氣味感知器所必需的。"選項A. unusual 不尋常的;B. particular 特別的，特定的;C. unique 獨一無二的;D. typical 典型的。這種"氣味感知器"具有感知氣味這種特定的功能。因此，正確答案為B。

3. This suggests that dimmer bulbs burn longer, that there is an in not being too terrifically bright.

[A] tendency

[B] advantage

[C] inclination

[D] priority

【答案】B

【考點】搭配辨析

【解析】本題目選擇名詞，並與in搭配。選項A. tendency 趨勢，傾向，後面常接介詞for或動詞不定式，如：a tendency for sth.或a tendency to do sth.(做)某事的傾向;B. advantage 優勢，後常接介詞in，即an advantage in sth. 在某方面具有優勢;C. inclination傾向，意願，傾斜度，後常接介詞for或動詞不定式，即an inclination for sth.或an inclination to do sth.想做某事;D. priority 優先權，後常接over，如：take priority over sth./sb. (比某事/某人)具有優先權。且從上下文語義來看，前面説越不亮的燈泡用的時間越長，所以這裏語義應為"燈泡不太亮是有優勢的"，故B為正確選項。

　　考研英語閲讀主旨題怎麼解

Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-80, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?

The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.

Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.

Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.

One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist’s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%.

We can draw a conclusion from the text that __________.

[A] oil-price shocks are less shocking now

[B] inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks

[C] energy conservation can keep down the oil prices

[D] the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry

[正確答案]A

[解題思路]文章第一段和第二段指出油價在上漲。第三段首句轉折並指出，現在油價上漲的後果不會像70年代那樣嚴重。第四段首句指出富裕國家對石油的依賴程度比以前低。最後，第五段首句提到油價上漲不會導致人們失眠(lose sleep)的原因。綜上所述，油價的上漲對人們的影響不大。因此A選項最符合文意。

[干擾排除]選項B與第一段第四句話相反，故排除。選項C和選項D在文章中沒有提及。

[核心詞彙]doom厄運 strengthen加強 severe嚴重的 swing波動 excess過量的

主旨題解題方法講解

If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of nding on whom youare addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a groupof managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries;alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment ontheir disorganized bosses.

Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses’ convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shownaround by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunnyweather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until,waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a manin a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stompsover to a table by himself. “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter.“Oh, that’s God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he’s a doctor.”

If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you tomake a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in other audiences you mustn’t attempt to cut inwith humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks abouttheir canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick toscapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.

If you feel awkward beinghumorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a fewcasual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxedand unforced n it’s the delivery which causes the audience tosmile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving lookmay help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.

Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected.A twist on a familiar quote“If at first you don’t succeed, give up” or a play on words or on a ch for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out afew words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.

The best title for the text may be__________.

[A]Use Humor Effectively [B] Various Kinds of Humor

[C] Add Humor to Speech [D] Different Humor Strategies

[正確答案]A

[解題思路] 文章第一段至第三段都在講一個問題，那就是如果要使用幽默讓人笑，必須與人分享共同的問題。第四段講幽默表達需要自然隨意。第五段講了一些幽默的方法、策略。從整篇文章來看，主要是講前三的表述的這樣一個問題，即如何使用幽默讓人發笑，即有效的使用幽默，故選項[A]正確。

[干擾排除] 選項[B]屬於無中生有。選項[C]是由文章最後一段最後一句話而來，只是局部信息，不是全文的中心思想。選項[D]是最後一段的概括，同樣不是全文的中心思想。

[核心詞彙] strategy 策略 position位置 remark評論 inject with加入 alternatively或者

醍醐灌頂：文章中劃下劃線的句子就是我們找中心需要讀的句子。如果這些句子還沒有找到中心，那麼久需要大家把首段的最後一句和中間各段的末句也讀了。

找中心一定要邊看邊總結，才能區分出主要觀點和次要觀點。正確答案一般是主要觀點，次要觀點一般都是錯誤選項。切忌不可以一口氣看完!

正式在練習和考場做題，每一篇文章一定先找到中心之後再做題，中心是“閲讀的.根”。

　　考研英語衝刺複習常見的近義易混詞

▶1、compel，constrain，force，oblige都有“強迫”的意思。

▶compel v.強迫，迫使，常表示運用權利、力量迫使對方做某事;有時也表示“別無辦法，不得不做”。

eg:His illness compelled him to stay in bed. 他的病迫使他卧牀休息。

▶constrain v.力勸，強迫，與compel意思相近，但更多強調內心情感(如道德、憐憫等)的強迫和限制作用，一般用於正式的場合。

eg:As an artist he didn't consider himself constrained by the same rules of social conduct as other people. 他認為自己是藝術家，不必象一般人那樣要受到社會行為準則的約束。

▶force v.強迫，迫使，暴力威脅的意味較濃，常用於被動語態。

eg:The thief forced her to hand over the money. 強盜逼迫她把錢交出來。

▶oblige v.(因法律、習俗等)強迫，迫使，常常用於被動。

eg:We are obliged to stop the car at a red light. 我們遇到紅燈時必須停車。

▶2、comprise，compose，consist，constitute，include這一組動詞都有“組成，包含”的意思。

▶comprise v.包含，包括，由……組成(整體);組成，構成。

eg:Our company's product line comprises 2，500 different items. 我們公司的生產線是由2，500個不同的組成部分構成的。

▶compose v.構成(整體)，組成;由……組成(後接of，常用於被動語態);創作(作曲、詩歌等).

eg:The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents. 委員會主要由教師和學生家長組成。

▶consist v.組成，構成，由……組成(後接of，常用於主動語態);(後接in)在於，存在於。

eg:The problem consists of two parts. 問題由兩部分組成。

eg:The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity. 這計劃的好處就在於簡單易行。

▶constitute v.構成，組成(整體).

eg:Crime and illegal drugs constitute the city's major problems. 犯罪和非法毒品買賣是這個城市面臨的主要問題。

▶include v.包括，包含，把……列入。

▶3、confinement，limitation，restraint“限制，侷限”

▶Confinement n.限制，囚禁(於某地或某種境地).

eg:The prisoner was sentenced to three months' solitary confinement. 那犯人被判處單獨監禁三個月。

▶Limitation n.限制，侷限;(能力的)缺點，弱點。

eg:That employee has limitations on what work he can do. 那個僱員能做的工作有限。

▶restraint n.剋制，抑制;約束措施。

eg:Even though the mother was very angry, she acted with restraint and didn't yell at her child. 即使母親很生氣，她仍剋制自己沒有向孩子大吼。

▶4、convert，invert，revert，transform都有“轉變”的意思。

▶convert v.轉變，變換，含有“使某人改變觀點”的意思。

eg:He wants to convert to Catholicism. 他要皈依天主教。

▶invert v.使顛倒，使倒轉，使反向。常常表示位置、順序、方向等的顛倒。

eg:The baby inverted the cup and spilled her orange juice. 嬰兒把杯子打翻，弄灑了裏面的橙汁。

▶revert v.歸還，恢復原狀。指回到原來的狀態或情形。

eg:John gave his brother a house, and when his brother died, ownership reverted back to John. 約翰送給他的哥哥一所房子，當他的哥哥去世後，房子的所有權重新歸於約翰。

▶transform v.改變，轉變，指形狀、顏色、大小、性質等的改變。

▶5、credible，credulous，plausible都有“可信”的意思。

▶credible a.可信的，可靠的。

eg:That the student told the teacher a credible story that she missed classes because she was sick. 那個學生跟老師講了實情，她沒來上課是因為她病了。

▶credulous a.輕信的，易於相信的。

eg:She was credulous when she listened to the salesman and bought the car for too much money. 她很容易輕信別人，竟然聽信那個銷售員的話以高價買了那輛車。

▶plausible a.似乎有理的(可信的)，常帶有懷疑的意思。

eg:Even though it is a plausible explanation, I am not completely convinced. 雖然這個解釋合理，但仍不可能使我完全相信。

▶6、decline，refuse，reject，deny都有“拒絕”的意思。

▶decline v.婉言拒絕，謝絕，相當於refuse politely，主要用於拒絕有關社交活動的邀請或要求幫助的請求，後接名詞或動詞不定式，主語只能是人。

▶refuse v.是比較普通的用詞，表示“拒絕”，含有非常堅決地、不客氣地拒絕的意思。

▶reject v.拋棄，不採納，主語可以是人或物，後接名詞，不能接動詞不定式。

eg:He asked her to go to the movies three times, and each time she rejected him. 他三次約她去看電影，但每一次都被拒絕。

▶deny v.否認，否定，其後可接名詞，代詞或that從句。

eg:The defendant denied the accusations made against him in court. 被告在法庭上否認了對他的指控。

形近易混詞：

▶1、certify，rectify，testify，verify

▶certify v.證明，聲稱是真的。

eg:He certified it was his wife's handwriting. 他證明那是他妻子的手跡。

▶rectify v.改正，糾正;整頓。

eg:He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording. 他通過改變措辭糾正了合同裏的錯。

▶testify v.(在法庭上)宣誓作證;表明。

eg:He is the only person who can testify in this case. 他是這件案例中唯一可以作證的人。

▶verify v.(用事實)證實或核實。

eg:I verified the store's address by calling to check it. 我打電話詢問，以核實商店的地址。

▶2、considerable，considerate

▶considerable a.相當大的，相當多的;值得考慮的。

eg:That family owns a considerable amount of land. 那個家族擁有大量的土地。

▶considerate a.考慮周到的，體貼的，後面常跟of結構。

eg:He is always considerate of others; he is kind and sympathetic. 他總是很體諒別人，他很慈善並且富有同情心。

▶3、conserve，preserve，reserve

▶conserve v.保存，保藏，保護(強調節約).

eg:In winter， some people conserve energy by lowing the heat at night. 冬天，為節約能源有些人在夜裏把暖氣調小。

▶preserve v.保護;維持;保養;防止(食物)腐敗(使不受破壞).

eg:The government preserves the rights of the individual person. 政府保護個人的權利不受侵犯。

▶reserve v.保留，儲備(強調為某一特殊目的);訂(座位)，預定。

eg:We are reserving these seats for my parents. 我們把這些座位留給我的父母。

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