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過去分詞作定語從句語法

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  過去分詞作定語從句語法

過去分詞是非謂語動詞的一種形式,表示完成和被動的動作。它在句子中可以充當表語、定語等成份。下面僅談其作定語和表語的用法。

過去分詞作定語從句語法

  一、過去分詞作定語

過去分詞作定語有前置和後置兩種情況。

  1、前置定語

單個的過去分詞作定語,通常放在被修飾的名詞之前,表示被動和完成意義。

A類:被動意義:

an honored guest 一位受尊敬的'客人

The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.

受傷的工人現正在醫院受到良好的照料。

B類:完成意義:

a retired teacher 一位退休的教師

They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.

他們正在打掃院子裏的落葉。

  2、後置定語

過去分詞短語作定語時,通常放在被修飾的名詞之後,它的作用相當於一個定語從句。如:

This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (=that has ever been written)。

這將是這類小説中寫得最好的。

Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night?

昨晚被邀請參加你的晚會的那些所謂的客人是誰呀?

  二、過去分詞作表語

作表語的過去分詞主要來自及物動詞,在主-系-表句型中,説明主語所處的一種狀態。其中系動詞有包括be在內的多種形式。如:

You seem frightened.

你看樣子受了驚嚇。

少數不及物動詞(如go, come, set)的過去分詞也能作表語,但它們不表示被動意義,只是表示動作完成。如:

They are gone for vacation.

他們度假去了。

注意:要區別“系動詞+過去分詞(系表結構)” 和 “系動詞+過去分詞(被動語態)”。如:

A. The library is now closed.

圖書館現在關門了。

B. The library is closed at six.

圖書館經常在六點鐘關門。

説明:作表語用的過去分詞表示主語的特點或所處的狀態,強調主謂關係。這種結構中的過去分詞前可加quite, very, rather等修飾詞。系動詞可有多種,表示不同的意義;被動語態表示動作,強調動賓關係,絕大多數被動結構中的行為執行者還可以用by短語來表示。因此,我們不難看出在上面兩句中,A句是系表結構,B句是被動語態。

從A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

1. Most of the artists _____ to the party were from South Africa. (MET 1990)

A. invited B. to invite

C. being invited D. had been invited

2. The computer center, _____last year, is very popular among the students in this school. (NMET 1993)

A. open B. opening

C. having opened D. opened

3. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _____ by the hour.(NMET 1998)

A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay

4.—How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?

—The key _____ the problem is to meet the demand _____ by the customers. (北京2002)

A. to solving; making

B. to solving; made

C. to solve; making

D. to solve; made

5. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _____ only to people with specific knowledge.

(上海2002)

A. being known B. having been known

C. to be known D. known

  答案: 1-5 ADCBD