英語4級長篇閲讀的技巧

英語長篇閲讀往往是閲讀的難點，那麼英語4級長篇閲讀的技巧到底有什麼呢?

　　1、並列、因果關係：

邏輯關係包含：並列、舉例、因果、遞進等等。而緊排在轉折之後，相對在歷年真題中較多出現的考查處，分別是：並列和因果。

常見表並列的詞語：and, while(同時), meanwhile, also;

值得注意的是：兩個句子之間用分號(;)隔開，也表並列。

常見表因果的詞語：because, why, the reason, for, so, since, as a result等。

同樣值得注意的是：當why引導一個問句時，考點出處往往是緊接着回答此問題的句子或相鄰的幾個羅列點或相連幾段話的首句。

並列和因果都比較難以察覺，需要同學平時練習過程中就有意識地對這兩種邏輯關係進行關注。

例2：(因果)American tourists, however, shouldn’t expect any relief soon. The dollar lost strength the way many marriages break up- slowly, and then all at once. And currencies don’t turn on a dime. So if you want to avoid the pain inflicted by the increasingly pathetic dollar, cancel that summer vacation to England and look to New England. There, the dollar is still treated with a little respect.

55. What is the author’s advice to Americans?

A. They treat the dollar with a little respect

B. They try to win in the weak-dollar gamble

C. They vacation at home rather than abroad

D. They treasure their marriages all the more.

【答案】C

【解析】面對美元貶值給美國人帶來的民族自尊上的困擾，作者給美國人提出建議：如果想要避免困擾，最好取消去英國的旅行，轉而前往新英格蘭(美國的一個地區)旅行。換句話説，作者建議取消去國外的旅行，轉而在國內旅行。

　　2、轉折關係：

四六級大綱在閲讀理解部分都指出：測試學生通過閲讀獲取書面信息的能力。因此，為了有針對性的考查大家對書面信息的獲取能力，經過對歷年真題的歸納總結髮現，四六級考點出處有一定特徵。其中第一大特徵就是在邏輯關係處出考題。常見轉折關聯詞有：but, however, yet, nevertheless, while(然而), on the contrary等等。

例1：A few months ago, it wasn't unusual for 47-year-old Carla Toebe to spend 15 hours per day online. She'd wake up early, turn on her laptop and chat on Internet dating sites and instant-messaging programs - leaving her bed for only brief intervals. Her household bills piled up, along with the dishes and dirty laundry, but it took near-constant complaints from her four daughters before she realized she had a problem.(2010.6, cet4 )

51. What eventually made Carla Toebe realize she was spending too much time on the Internet?

A. The poorly managed state of her house.

B. The high financial costs adding up.

C. Fatigue resulting from lack of sleep.

D. Her daughter's repeated complaints.

【答案】D

【解析】本段主要描述了Carla Toebe因上網嚴重影響到生活，最後一句後半句通過轉折指出，是她4個女兒的不停抱怨才讓她最終意識到自己有了問題(had a problem)，而這一問題正是題幹中提到的“spending too much time on the Internet”。

　　3、標點符號：

下面講解閲讀考點常考出處的最後一個特徵：總有部分題目出自引人注目的 —— 標點符號處。在四六級閲讀過程中，引人注目的標點符號，不得不關注的標點符號主要有兩類：1. 引號;2. 小括號。

1. 引號

1)尤其是當引號表示着重強調時

如：

They are using fewer of the very deferential “women’s” forms, and even using the few strong forms that are know as “men’s” .

2)某人説的話，能夠集中表達一個事實或觀點時

如：

"If it's a loss [where] you're not getting to work, and family relationships are breaking down as a result, then it's too much." said Maressa Orzack, a Harvard University professor.

2. 小括號

小括號()中間加一個漢語註釋，非常容易引起大家的'注意。此處就不贅述。我們還是通過真題舉例來看具體考察情況吧。

例4(引號)：Toebe also regularly visits a site where posters discuss Internet overuse. In August, when she first realized she had a problem, she posted a message on a Yahoo Internet addiction group with the subject line: "I have an Internet Addiction."(2010, 6, cet4)

8. In one of the messages she posted on a website, Toebe admitted that she ______.

【答案】had an Internet Addiction

【解析】首先分析結構可知，本空所填內 容是充當that賓語從句的謂語，主句的admitted表明謂語應用過去時。原文提到Toebe在雅虎的一個上網成癮羣裏發了一條消息，引號中的內容為 這條小的的主題：“我有網癮”。由此可知，Toebe承認自己“上網成癮”。故答案根據時態要求進行修改為：had an Internet Addiction.

　　4、特殊標記：

細心的同學會在以前的四六級大綱中發現，快速閲讀部分寫到：“要求考生運用略讀和查讀的技能從篇章中獲取信息。“考核學生利用各種提示，快速查找特定信息的能力。這些提示包括文中的以下信息：

1. 數字

2. 大寫單詞

3. 段首或句首詞等

很顯然，這一條不僅適用於快速閲讀，也適用於仔細閲讀。

例3：Richard Got professor of astrophysics at Princeton, hopes man will set up a self-sufficient colony on Mars, which would be a “life insurance policy against whatever catastrophes, natural or otherwise, might occur on Earth. (2008.6, cet6)

66. According to Princeton professor Richard Gott, by setting up a self-sufficient colony on Mars, Humans_____.

A. might survive all catastrophes on earth

B. might acquire ample natural resources

C. will be able to travel to Mars freely

D. will move there to live a better life

【答案】A

【解析】題幹中setting up a self-sufficient colony on Mars可在原文中直接找到，原文中which引導的定語從句表示的內容就是setting up a self-sufficient colony on Mars所帶來的影響：人類能夠應對地球上各種各樣的災難從而倖存下來。A選項中的survive all catastrophes on earth 是對原文的同義轉述。