英語八年級下冊第六單元重點詞彙、詞組及句型

重點詞彙:

1. collect v. 收集；蒐集

2. pair n. 一對；一雙

3. since prep. & coin. 自……以來；自從

4. raise v. 籌集；籌募

5. several adj. 幾個的；數個的

6. stamp n. 郵票

7. kite n. 風箏

8. store v. 儲存

9. anyone pron. 任何人

10. cake n. 蛋糕；糕、餅類食品

11. coin n. 錢幣；硬幣

12. been v. 動詞be的過去分詞

13. capital n. 省會；首都

14. European adj. 歐洲的；歐洲人的 n. 歐洲

15. thousand n. 一千

16. foreigner n. 外國人

17. quite adv. 相當；十分

18. certain adj. 確實的；無疑的

19. miss v. 思念；想念

20. common adj. 共同的；公共的

21. congratulations n. 祝賀

22. monster n. 怪物；妖怪

23. particularly adv. 特別的，顯著的

24. room n. 空間；

25. topic n. 話題；主題

26. hobby n. 業餘愛好

27. Russian adj. 俄羅斯的；俄羅斯人的；俄語的 n. 俄羅斯人；俄語

28. Australian adj. 澳大利亞的；澳大利亞人的 n. 澳大利亞人

重點詞組及句型：

1. a pair of skates 一雙溜冰鞋

2. run out of 用完

3. collect shells 收藏貝殼

4. movie tickets 電影票

5. fly kites 放風箏

6. three and a half years 三年半

7. by the way 順便；附帶説説

8. be interested in 對……感興趣

9. more than 比……多

10. make a list of 列清單

11. thanks for doing sth. 感謝某人做了某事

12. think of / about sth. 想起某事

13. raise/collect money for... 為……而籌錢

14. 第一個開始的：the first one to start

15. 最後一個回家the last one to go home

16. 到處：be all around

17. 停止做某事：stop doing sth.

18. 停下來做某事：stop to do sth.

19. 整整5個小時：the whole five hours=all the five hours

20. 把某物送給某人：send sth. to sb.=send sb. sth.

21. How long have you been collecting coins? 你收集硬幣有多久了？

22. I have been collecting coins for five years. 我收集硬幣有五年了。

23. I have been collecting since I was a primary school student. 我從上國小就開始收集了。

24. I have been collecting for five years. 我已經收集了有五年時間了。

25. How long did she surf the internet? 她上網有多久了？

26. She surfed the Internet for two years. 她上網有兩年的時間了。

27. When did you get your first pair of skates? 你什麼時候得到你的第一雙溜冰鞋的？

28. I got my first pair of skates last year. 我去年得到了我的第一雙溜冰鞋。

29. I’d like to collect stamps because they are interesting. 我喜歡集郵，因為郵票很有趣。

30. If anyone else collects them, please let me know. 如果其他人也收藏，請讓我知道。

日常用語：

精講巧練

1. Congratulations on winning the skating marathon!祝賀你贏得滑冰馬拉松比賽。

congratulations on doing sth. 祝賀你做了某事

congratulations on sth.祝賀某事

Congratulations! 恭喜! 祝賀!

隨時練

【考例】

--- In this competition I won the first.

---_________ .

A. I’d like to B. Sorry C. That’s all right D. Congratulations

【答案與解析】D. congratulations! 恭喜! 祝賀! 對已取得的成績的一種祝賀。

2. A: Alison, how long have you been skating? 艾麗森，你滑冰多長時間了？

B: Ihave been skating for five hours. 我已經滑了五個小時。

（1）for表示時間的持續，後面加時間段，表示一段時間，多與帶數詞的名詞連用，其謂語需用延續性動詞。例如We have been learning English for twoyears. 我們已經學英語兩年了。

Isleptforeighthourslastnight. 我昨晚睡了八個小時。

拓展

在現在完成時中，若動詞為非延續性動詞，與for短語連用時，要轉換為延續性動詞。例如：

borrow—keep；buy—have；arrive—behere；comeback—beback；getup—beup

die—bedead；begin—beon

（2）since表示“自從過去某一時間點以來”，後面接點時間，強調動作或狀態一直延續到現在，一般用現在完成時或現在完成進行時。

例如：

I have been skating since eight o’clock. 自從八點開始，我就一直在滑冰。

I have been listening to music since 1999. 自從1999年以來，我一直聽音樂。

I have been here since I came to China. 自從我來到中國，我就一直在這兒。

隨時練

【考例】

Mother has __________for two days.

A. left B. arrived C. been D. been away

【答案與解析】D. for two days表示一段時間，動詞要用可延續性的動詞，been away可以表示持續的狀態。

3. I’m talking to you from the Hilltop School Marathon. Here students are skating to raise money

for charity. 我正在山頂中學馬拉松比賽現場向你報道。在這兒，學生們正在為慈善事業籌集資金。

（1）talk to sb.在此意為“向某人報道”，相當於report to。例如：

I’m reporting to you about the sports meeting. 我正在向你報道運動會的情況。

will talk to you about YaoMing. 李先生將向你報道關於姚明的'情況。

（2）raise…for 為……籌集 例如：

Some singers raise lots of money for the poor students to go to school.許多歌手為貧窮學生能上學而募集資金。

拓展

raise one’s hand 舉手 raise one’s hat to sb. 向某人舉帽致敬

raise a child 養育孩子 raise funds 籌集資金

raise salaries 增加薪水 raise money 籌錢，籌款

隨時練

【考例】

We are here to __________funds for the charity.

A. raise B. rise C. get D. want

【答案與解析】答案：A. “為……籌錢”用raise funds/money for。

4. How long have you been in class today? 你們今天上了多長時間的課？

（1）How long …? 多長時間？（疑問句）多久（對段時間提問）例如：

How long have you been waiting? 你已經等了多久？

How long will the meeting last? 會議將持續多長時間？

I've been skating for five hours? How long have you been skating?

（2）How soon...? 多久以後（對in+對段時間的將來時態提問）例如：

He will come here in an hour. How soon will he come here?

（3）How often...? 多久一次（對動作的頻率提問）例如：

He comes here twice a week. How often does he come here?

隨時練

【考例1】

1. My brother __________to New York twice.

A. has gone B. has been C. went D. goes

【答案與解析】B. 曾經去過某地已經回來了用have been to結構。

【考例2】

2. --- __________ have you been skiing? --- Half a year.

A. How long B. How often C. How far D. When

【答案與解析】A. 由答語“Half a year”一段時間可知應用How long提問。

【考例3】

3. He __________for three hours, and he’s still watching now.

A. has been B. watched C. has been watching D. is watching

【答案與解析】C. 表達動作從過去開始到現在並可能繼續下去，用現在完成進行時態。

5. For every hour they skate, each student raises ten yuan for charity.每滑一小時，每個學生為慈善機構籌集10元錢。

every, each 都表“每一”，但every 大傢俱有的共性，every 還等於all，表示全體齊全，一個不缺；而each強調每個人或事物有着各自互不相同的個性或差異性。此外every還可表每隔（一段時間/距離）。

例如：

Every student is here. 學生都到齊了。

Each person has his own advantages. 每個人都有他的優勢（長處）。

隨時練

【考例】

He goes to visit his friends in the town _______ two weeks.

A. every B. each C. none D. some

【答案與解析】A. every可表每隔（一段時間/距離）

6. Alison was the first one to start, and has been skating for the whole five hours.

Alison是第一個開始滑的，並且已滑了足足5個小時。

（1）序數詞前必須用定冠詞the，後接名詞或代詞。句中不定式短語“to start”作後置定語，修飾代詞one，one指代滑冰的人。whole adj. “整個的，完整的”，前常加the或物主代詞。

例如：

I want to get to know the whole story.

He puts his whole life on education.

（2）第一個開始的：the first one to start

最後一個回家：the last one to go home

隨時練

【考例】

Zhang Li has been working for______ eight hours.

A. the whole B. the all C. whole D. all

【答案與解析】A. whole adj. “整個的，完整的”，前常加the或物主代詞。

7. My mom says I have to stop，because we’ve run out of room to store them.

我媽媽説我必須停下來，因為我們用盡了屋裏所有的空間來存放這些東西。

（1）run out of “用盡，缺乏”。例如：

He ran out of all his money to buy the book. 他用盡了他所有的錢來買這本書。

People will run out o fwater resources one day. 人們總有一天會缺乏水資源。

（2）room“空間，餘地”，不可數名詞。例如：

There will be standingroom only. 人們將會只有立足之地。

Could you make room for my daughter? 你能給我女兒騰個地方嗎？

（3）store

n. 商店；貯藏

book store 書店 department store 百貨商場

v. 貯存，收集

store up grain 儲備糧食

拓展

run across 無意碰到，跑過; run after 追趕; run away 逃跑; running water 自來水隨時練

【考例1】

1. Peter______ his best friend in the street yesterday.

A. ran after B. ran away C. ran out D. ran across

【答案與解析】D. run across 意為“偶遇”；run after意為“跟在後面追趕”；run away意為“逃跑”；run out意為“用盡”。結合題意，此處應是偶遇。

【考例2】

2. The ship was full of people. There was no______ for Ellen.

A. room B. rooms C. a room D. any room

【答案與解析】A. What’s the most unusual hobbies? 最不尋常的愛好是什麼？

8. If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me.

如果你知道還有其他人收集它們，請告訴我。

（1）anyone “任何人”，any“任何的”（用於肯定句）。

（2）else “別的，其他的”，形容詞/副詞。else作形容詞時常用作後置定語，即放在疑問代詞who,what, which或放在不定代詞something, anything, nothing, anyone, everyone後面。 else作副詞通常放在疑問副詞when, where, how後面。例如：

Who else has any good ideas? I have something else to tell you.

--- What else do you want? --- Nothing else.

Where else in China have you been to?

隨時練

【考例】

Is there ______ in today’s newspaper?

A something new B new something C anything new D new anything

【答案與解析】C. 形容詞與不定代詞連用，放在不定代詞的後面。

9. By the way, what’s your hobby? 順便説（提）一下，你的愛好是什麼？

by the way 順便説（提）一下

way可指“道路”“方法、途經，方式”。

拓展

on the way(to)… 在去……的路上 in the way 擋路

in this (that)way 用這種（那種）方法 in a way 在某種程度上

in no way 決不 lose one's way 迷路

隨時練

【考例】

______ the way, what’s your name?

A. By B. On C. In D. For

【答案與解析】A. by the way 順便説（提）一下

10. The more I learn about Chinese history, the more I enjoy living in China.我對中國的歷史瞭解得越多，我就越喜歡住在中國。

The more …, the more … 越……越……

the+形容詞比較級…，the+形容詞比較級… 越……越……

隨時練

【考例】

Hello, everybody! You are taking the important exam now. Don’t be nervous. It is not as difficult as you imagine. I am sure you all will succeed. Please answer every question with great care. You know __________you are, __________mistakes you’ll make.

A. the careful; the few B. the more careful; the less

C. careful; few D. the more careful; the fewer

【答案與解析】D. 此題考查“the+比較級+句子，the+比較級+句子”結構。