即興演講的誤區有哪些

即興演講的誤區有哪些你知道嗎?你對即興演講的誤區有哪些瞭解嗎?下面是yjbys小編為大家帶來的即興演講的誤區，歡迎閲讀。

　　備戰即興演講——注意事項

通常情況下，即興演講是沒有時間或僅有極少時間準備的，演講者即席站起來演講，和聽眾進行溝通。即使對於母語是英語的演講者來説，即興演講也是非常有挑戰的，更何況對於英語為二語的演講者。

　　如何準備即興演講呢?

整體上講，即興演講仍然要遵循前面所陳述過的、好的演講應該具備的要素，如有價值的主題、堅實的內容支撐、清晰的結構以及台上真誠的溝通等。建議選手們在平時的練習中，需要有意識地將這些原則和要素付諸實施，應用並融入到自己的日常演講活動中，多多進行訓練，使之形成一種習慣。相信長久以往，即使在即興演講中你也可以表現得訓練有素。

但即興演講確實有其自身的、區別於定題演講的侷限和特點，即興演講往往更考察選手在短時間內的`思考能力、邏輯能力以及語言組織能力。

　　在即興演講中應該注意些什麼呢?

　　避免個人的觀點過於主觀和偏激。

在即興演講中，由於沒有時間準備，往往沒有太多思考的時間，選手們所表現出的觀點往往顯得不那麼深入透徹，不那麼經得起推敲。但這也正是即興演講所要考察選手的一種能力：選手的思考能力。

另外，即興演講題目一般都是需要選手在某兩種立場或觀點中做選擇，然而這並不代表選手應該以偏概全。相反選手更應保持開放的心態，向聽眾呈現自己對某問題的思考，應避免偏激和主觀。

記得在一次演講比賽中，一個選手抽到的即興演講題目是“Which ones do you prefer, experienced old professors or young teachers?”

小姑娘選擇的是年輕教師，這本無可厚非，但問題在於通篇演講中只談到了年輕教師是如何好，而沒有提及老教師。如此一來，這樣的演講就顯得有些偏頗，過於主觀和情緒化。所以選手在即興演講中更應保持一種開放和溝通的心態，能夠認識到自己思考的侷限性，並願意不斷地進步和提高。

　　避免結構鬆散，思維混亂。

即興演講中，選手應力求保持演講的結構完整，有頭有尾，中間部分是經過支持的主要觀點。下面可以給大家一個模板，選手們不妨把正文部分的每個含有主要觀點的段落視為給聽眾烹製的一頓大餐，嘗試套用此模板：MEAL。

M stands for main point.

E stands for examples to support main points.

A refers to analysis and explanation of the point.

L refers to the logical link between the central idea and main point as well as the one between the main point, examples and the analysis.

(這裏的MEAL概念來自James Ferris, Stephen E. Lucas編寫的Speech Composition Resources, 7th edition)

下面我們不妨看看Steve Jobs 2005年斯坦福大學做的畢業演講的節選。在這篇演講中他講了3個關於他自己的故事，其中每一個故事都是一頓“獨立的大餐”。

下面是他的第一個故事，我們一起來欣賞一下他是如何為聽眾“烹製大餐的”。

“The first story is about connecting the dots. I dropped out of Reed College after the first six months but then stayed around as a drop-in for another eighteen months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?

It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife, except that when I popped out, they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking, "We've got an unexpected baby boy. Do you want him?" They said, "Of course."My biological mother found out later that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would go to college. This was the start in my life.

And seventeen years later, I did go to college, but I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn't see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life, and no idea of how college was going to help me figure it out, and here I was,spending all the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back, it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out, I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me and begin dropping in on the ones that looked far more interesting. It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms. I returned Coke bottles for the five-cent deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the seven miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example.

Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer was beautifully hand-calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and sans-serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating.

None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me, and we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts, and since Windows just copied the Mac, it's likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on that calligraphy class and personals computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college, but it was very, very clear looking backwards 10 years later.

Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward. You can only connect them looking backwards, so you have to trust that the dots will some how connect in your future. You have to trust in something--your gut, destiny, life, karma,whatever--because believing that the dots will connect down the road will give you the confidence to follow your heart, even when it leads you off the well-worn path, and that will make all the difference.”

在第一個故事裏，他首先向聽眾直接揭示出他的主題：connecting the dots.接下來，他用自己親身的經歷和例子來支持他的論點，説明他生活的軌跡，他生活的各個片段如何聯繫起來的。

然後，他進一步解釋説明什麼是connecting the dots, 以及它的意義所在。

由此看來在第一個故事中，大餐中的所有元素都圍繞一個主題有機地、邏輯緊密地聯繫在一起。

　　在台上避免語速過快，含有過多的um ,ur等非正常停頓。

在即興演講中，很多選手會馬上陷入平時和朋友聊天的節奏，容易語速過快，語言質量不高，過於口語化，有過多的非正常停頓。畢竟即興演講仍然是正式的演講，不是聊天，因此選手要始終保持和聽眾的溝通，進行有效的眼神交流，保持合適的節奏，保持語言的流暢性和準確度。