考研英語閲讀模擬試題及答案

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　　練習題一

Scientists have known since 1952 that DNA is the basic stuff of heredity. They've known its chemical structure since 1953. They know that human DNA acts like a biological computer program some 3 billion bits long that spells out the instructions for making proteins， the basic building blocks of life.

But everything the genetic engineers have accomplished during the past half-century is just a preamble to the work that Collins and Anderson and legions of colleagues are doing now. Collins leads the Human Genome Project， a 15-year effort to draw the first detailed map of every nook and cranny and gene in human DNA. Anderson， who pioneered the first successful human gene-therapy operations， is leading the campaign to put information about DNA to use as quickly as possible in the treatment and prevention of human diseases.

What they and other researchers are plotting is nothing less than a biomedical revolution. Like Silicon Valley pirates reverse-engineering a computer chip to steal a competitor's secrets， genetic engineers are decoding life's molecular secrets and trying to use that knowledge to reverse the natural course of disease. DNA in their hands has become both a blueprint and a drug， a pharmacological substance of extraordinary potency that can treat not just symptoms or the diseases that cause them but also the imperfections in DNA that make people susceptible to a disease.

And that's just the beginning. For all the fevered work being done， however， science is still far away from the Brave New World vision of engineering a perfect human—or even a perfect tomato. Much more research is needed before gene therapy becomes commonplace， and many diseases will take decades to conquer， if they can be conquered at all.

In the short run， the most practical way to use the new technology will be in genetic screening. Doctors will be able to detect all sorts of flaws in DNA long before they can be fixed. In some cases the knowledge may lead

to treatments that delay the onset of the disease or soften its effects. Someone with a genetic predisposition to heart disease， for example， could follow a low-fat diet. And if scientists determine that a vital protein is missing because the gene that was supposed to make it is defective， they might be able to give the patient an artificial version of the protein. But in other instances， almost nothing can be done to stop the ravages brought on by genetic mutations. (409 words)

1. It can be inferred from the text that Collins and Anderson and legions of colleagues _____.

[A] know that human DNA acts like a biological computer program

[B] have found the basic building blocks of life

[C] have accomplished some genetic discovery during the past half-century

[D] are making a breakthrough in DNA

2. Collins and Anderson are cited in the text to indicate all the following EXCEPT that ______.

[A] time-consuming effort is needed to accomplish the detailed map of in human DNA

[B] human gene-therapy operations may be applied to the patients

[C] gene-therapy now is already generally used to the treatment and prevention of human diseases

[D] information about DNA may be used in the treatment and prevention of human diseases

3. The word “pirate” (line 2， paragraph 3) means______.

[A] one who robs at sea or plunders the land from the sea

[B] one who makes use of or reproduces the work of another without authorization

[C] to take (something) by piracy

[D] to make use of or reproduce (another's work) without authorization

4. We can draw a conclusion from the text that_____.

[A] engineering a perfect human is not feasible for the time being

[B] it‘s impossible for scientists to engineer a perfect tomato

[C] many diseases will never be conquered by human beings

[D] doctors will be able to cure all sorts of flaws in DNA in the

long run

5. The best title for the text may be ______.

[A] DNA and Heredity

[B] The Genetic Revolution

[C] A Biomedical Revolution

[D] How to Apply Genetic Technology

詞彙註釋

stuff 物質

preamble 開端

nook and cranny 排列

potency 力量

susceptible 易受感染的

predisposition 易患病的體質

難句講解

1. They know that human DNA acts like a biological computer program some 3 billion bits long that spells out the instructions for making proteins， the basic building blocks of life.

[簡析] 本句話的主幹是“They know that…”。they 指的是前面句子中提到的scientists;第一個引導的是賓語從句，some 3 billion bits long修飾computer program，第二個that也修飾computer program;the basic building blocks of life是在解釋proteins.

2. Anderson， who pioneered the first successful human gene-therapy operations， is leading the campaign to put information about DNA to use as quickly as possible in the treatment and prevention of human diseases.

[簡析] 本句話的主幹是“Anderson is leading the campaign…”。Who引導的非限定性定語從句，修飾Anderson;to put information…短語修飾campaign，其中的to use…作目的狀語。

3. DNA in their hands has become both a blueprint and a drug， a pharmacological substance of extraordinary potency that can treat not just symptoms or the diseases that cause them but also the imperfections in DNA that make people susceptible to a disease.

[簡析] 本句話的主幹是“DNA has become both a blueprint and a drug”。in their hands修飾DNA;a pharmacological substance…是在解釋前面的drug，其中的第一個that 引導的定語從句修飾pharmacological substance;第二個that引導的'定語從句修飾imperfections.

4. And if scientists determine that a vital protein is missing because the gene that was supposed to make it is defective， they might be able to give the patient an artificial version of the protein.

[簡析] 本句話的主幹是“…they might be able to give the patient an artificial version of the protein”。If引導的是條件狀語從句，其中的第一個that引導的是賓語從句，because引導的時原因狀語從句;第二個that引導的定語從句修飾gene.

　　練習題二

As you read this， nearly 80，000 Americans are waiting for a new heart， kidney or some other organ that could save their life. Tragically， about 6，000 of them will die this year——nearly twice as many people as perished in the Sept. 11 attacks——because they won't get their transplant in time. The vast majority of Americans (86%， according to one poll) say they support organ donation. But only 20% actually sign up to do it. Why the shortfall?

Part of the problem is the way we handle organ donations. Americans who want to make this sort of gift have to opt in——that is， indicate on a driver's license that when they die， they want their organs to be made available. Many European and Asian countries take the opposite approach; in Singapore， for example， all residents receive a letter when they come of age informing them that their organs may be harvested unless they explicitly object. In Belgium， which adopted a similar presumed-consent system 12 years ago， less than 2% of the population has decided to opt out.

Further complicating the situation in the U.S. is the fact that whatever decision you make can be overruled by your family. The final say is left to your surviving relatives， who must make up their minds in the critical hours after brain death has been declared. There are as many as 50 body parts， from your skin to your corneas， that can save or transform the life of a potential recipient， but for many families lost in grief， the idea of dismembering a loved one is more than they can bear.

The U.S.， like all medically advanced societies， has struggled to find a way to balance an individual's rightful sovereignty over his or her body with society's need to save its members from avoidable deaths. Given America's tradition of rugged individualism and native distrust of Big Brotherly interference， it's not surprising that voters resisted attempts to switch to a presumed-consent system when it was proposed in California， Oregon， Minnesota， Pennsyl

lvania and Maryland. Health Secretary Tommy Thompson last spring announced plans for a new initiative to encourage donations——including clearer consent forms——but its impact is expected to be modest. Given the crying need for organs， perhaps it's time we considered shifting to something closer to the presumed-consent model.

Meanwhile， if you want to ensure that your organs are donated when you die， you should say so in a living will or fill out a Uniform Donor Card (available from the American Medical Association)。 Make sure your closest relatives know about it. And if you don't want to donate an organ， you should make your wishes equally explicit.

注(1)：本文選自Time; 12/10/2001， p117;

注(2)：本文習題命題模仿對象2003年真題text 3;

1. According to the author， one of the reasons for a shortage of organs in America is ______.

[A] most Americans are reluctant to donate their organs after death

[B] the information about organ donation is not popular in America

[C] the ways to handle organ donation is far from perfect

[D] people waiting for transplant are rapidly increasing in America

2. What is most Americans‘ attitude towards the organ donation?

[A] Indifferent.

[B] Indignant.

[C] Detached.

[D] Supportive.

3. It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that ______.

[A] Americans have a long tradition of weak individualism

[B] all the states in America resist the presumed-consent system

[C] it‘s not easy to find a way to serve the society’s need and at the same time to protect the individual‘s right in the matter of organ donation

[D] the government is not active in solving the problem

4. The term “presumed-consent” probably means ______.

[A] one‘s organs should be donated whether they agree or not

[B] one is supposed to agree that their organ will be donated after death unless they explicitly object

[C] dismembering a dead bo

dy is inhuman

[D] one is assumed to be happy after they decide to donate their organs

5. From the text， we can see the author‘s attitude towards organ donation is ______.

[A] supportive

[B] indignant

[C] indifferent

[D] negative

答案：CDCBA