2015年gmat考試模擬測試題帶答案
Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities—as well as new and significant risks. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government. Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority enterprises.
Corporate response appears to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1977, the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $77 million in 1972 to $1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for the early 1980’s is estimated to be over 53 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade. Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses. The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and resources, and a small company’s efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer.
A second risk is that White-owned companies may seek to cash in on the increasing apportionments through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns. Of course, in many instances there are legitimate reasons for joint ventures; clearly, White and minority enterprises can team up (team up: v.(使)結成一隊, 合作, 協作) to acquire business that neither could acquire alone. But civil rights groups and minority business owners have complained to Congress about minorities being set up as “fronts (a person, group, or thing used to mask the identity or true character or activity of the actual controlling agent)” with White backing, rather than being accepted as full partners in legitimate joint ventures.
Third, a minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate customer often runs the danger of becoming—and remaining—dependent. Even in the best of circumstances, fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases: when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) present a commonplace idea and its inaccuracies
(B) describe a situation and its potential drawbacks
(C) propose a temporary solution to a problem
(D) analyze a frequent source of disagreement
(E) explore the implications of a finding
2. The passage supplies information that would answer which of the following questions?
(A) What federal agencies have set percentage goals for the use of minority-owned businesses in public works contracts?
(B) To which government agencies must businesses awarded federal contracts report their efforts to find minority subcontractors?
(C) How widespread is the use of minority-owned concerns as “fronts” by White backers seeking to obtain subcontracts?
(D) How many more minority-owned businesses were there in 1977 than in 1972?
(E) What is one set of conditions under which a small business might find itself financially overextended?
3. According to the passage, civil rights activists maintain that one disadvantage under which minority-owned businesses have traditionally had to labor (to suffer from some disadvantage or distress “labor under a delusion”) is that they have
(A) been especially vulnerable to governmental mismanagement of the economy
(B) been denied bank loans at rates comparable to those afforded larger competitors
(C) not had sufficient opportunity to secure business created by large corporations
(D) not been able to advertise in those media that reach large numbers of potential customers
(E) not had adequate representation in the centers of government power
-
GMAT考試閲讀機經:服務業與製造業
考前認真複習才能更好的應對考試。yjbys網小編為了讓大家能在2GMAT考試中更好的表現自己,更好的發揮,為大家整理了以下關於服務業與製造業2015年2月GMAT閲讀機經,供大家參考!服務業與製造業【V1】一般認為,服務型產業發展的同時,伴隨着製造性產業的萎縮,但實際上對某...
-
2016年GMAT句子改錯訓練題及詳細分析
平時多加練習,到了考試的時候才不至於手忙腳亂。以下是本站小編精心為大家整理的GMAT句子改錯訓練題及詳細分析,希望對大家有所幫助!更多內容請關注應屆畢業生網!1.LaoshasalandareaaboutthesameasGreatBritainbutonlyfourmillioninpopulation,wheremanyaremembe...
-
2017年GMAT閲讀練習題
練習是鞏固知識的有效手段,而考試是檢驗知識掌握情況的.一種方式。下面是小編整理的2017年GMAT閲讀練習題,希望對大家複習有用,更多消息請關注應屆畢業生網。GMAT閲讀新題練習一Althoughgeneticmutationsinbacteriaandvirusescanleadtoepidemics,someepidemicsare...
-
GMAT閲讀滿分三大技巧2017
GMAT文章的閲讀總的來説要有詳有略,大家怎麼樣才能在緊張而短暫的十幾分鍾內,把一篇文章該詳讀的地方詳讀,深刻領會其含義呢?下面是yjbys小編為大家帶來的GMAT閲讀滿分技巧,歡迎閲讀。GMAT閲讀技巧一:需要掌握GMAT閲讀的技巧1.文章結構套路雖然GMAT文章的題材廣泛,學...