糯米文學吧

位置:首頁 > 英語 > 基礎英語

非謂語動詞英語語法筆記

1、非謂語動詞:是一類由動詞原形演變而來的表示動作,但又不能構成謂語句子成分的詞,英語語法筆記!。

非謂語動詞英語語法筆記

2、非謂語動詞的分類:分詞、動名詞、動詞不定式。

1)動名詞:其構成為動詞原形+ing。它的構成與現在分詞完全相同,所以要從兩者的用法上區別這兩類詞。

用法:可以被用作句子主語、表語、賓語和同位語。

Eg:

(1) Reading affords pleasure. (主語)

(2) The football match between Brazil and China is exciting. (表語)

(3) They enjoyed listening to pop songs very much. (賓語)

(4) My hobby, reading books in bed, remains unchanged. (同位語)

原則:動名詞從字面,即語法角度講,是名詞。但是,其本質上仍然具有動作的性質。所以,當使用動名詞作動詞賓語且需要表達動作的施動者時,可以加上相應的所有格代詞或者賓格代詞;然而,當它用作句子主語時,若要體現這一點,則只能用所有格代詞。

Eg:

(1) His giving up smoking is encouraging. (只能用所有格代詞)

(2) They enjoyed my/me good cooking. (所有格代詞/賓格代詞)

(2)分詞:分為現在分詞和過去分詞兩大類。現在分詞在構成上與動名詞完全相同,而過去分詞則在動詞後面加-ed構成。同時,還必須詳記一些常用的不規則動詞的過去式和過去分詞。分詞在句子中一般用作定語和狀語。在詳細闡述之前,必須先樹立這樣一個觀念:現在分詞表示主動或進行;過去分詞表示被動或者完成。這一點是學習分詞的根基!

(I)分詞作定語:顧名思義,就是分詞可以限定或者修飾名詞或代詞。現在開一個十分簡單的'例子:a working desk --- a desk for working/a working man --- a man who is/was working 顯然,前這是一個動名詞,後者是分詞。它們同作定語,但性質不同。從中我們可以看到:凡是分詞用作定語都是從定語從句轉換而來。這是一個基本原則!

Eg:

(1) The windows which face south are broken. ---

The windows facing south are broken.

(2) The man who is talking with the teacher is my father. ---

The man talking with the teacher is my father.

(3) The money invested in this project added up to 20 million yuan. ---

The money, which had been invested in this project, added up to 20 million yuan.

(4) The meeting to be held this weekend is important. ---

The meeting, which is to be held this weekend is important.

 結論1:現在分詞作後置定語,表示與主句時態一致的一個經常發生的動作,大學英語《英語語法筆記!》。

結論2:現在分詞作後置定語,表示與主句時態一致的一個正在發生的動作。

 結論3:過去分詞作後置定語,表示被動語態。

 結論4:to be+過去分詞結構作後置定語,表示即將發生的行為或動作。

原則:一切分詞作定語的判斷標準就是以上四條,必須牢記!其中,充分體現了“現在分詞表示主動或進行;過去分詞表示被動或者完成。”的基本思想。所以,要清楚,定語從句和分詞作定語只是兩種不同的表達方式,本質是相同的!

(II)分詞作狀語:與“分詞作定語從定語從句轉換而來”如出一轍,分詞作狀語同樣可以看作是從各類狀語從句轉換而來。分詞作狀語共7類,分別是:原因、結果、條件、讓步、時間、方式和伴隨狀語。

Eg:

(1) Lost in thought, he didn’t even hear her knocking at the door. (原因狀語)

(2) He fired, killing two flying birds. (結果狀語)

(3) (If) Given more time and money, we could have completed the task. (條件狀語)

(4) Doing his homework, the girl was listening to the pop songs. (時間狀語)

(5) Gaining much money, he still felt unhappy. (讓步狀語)

(6) Using negotiation instead of arm force, the two nations eventually solved the border dispute peacefully. (方式狀語)

(7) Reading detective books, he lied in bed. (伴隨狀語)

原則1:由於分詞作狀語是從狀語從句轉換而來,故有時為了明確句子的具體含義,可以在從句中出現表示主從關係的連接詞,往往連接詞位於“分詞作狀語”之前!

Eg:

(1) When doing his homework, the girl was listening to her classical music. (時間狀語)

(2) If given more time and money, we could have completed the task. (條件狀語)

(3) Although gaining much money, he still felt unhappy. (讓步狀語)

原則2:分詞的邏輯主語必須與主句的主語一致。這一點是最根本的原則!只有當兩者一致時,分詞作狀語才能成立。但是,如果不一致,就不能使用分詞作狀語,而要用“分詞的獨立主格結構”予以代替!

Eg:

(1) Using negotiation instead of arm force, the two nations eventually solved the border dispute peacefully. (方式狀語)

(With) the peaceful means used, the two nations eventually solved the border di