2016年12月英語四級仔細閲讀模擬訓練

2016年12月英語四級考試將在12月17日舉行，對於英語四級考試閲讀分數佔比還是不小的，以下是yjbys網小編整理的關於英語四級仔細閲讀模擬訓練，供大家備考。

　Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A.,B., C. and D.. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

Fried foods have long been frowned upon. Nevertheless, the skillet (長柄平底煎鍋) is about our handiest and most useful piece of kitchen equipment. Strong woodcutters and others engaged in active labor requiring 4,000calories per day or more will take approximately one-third of their rations prepared in this fashion. Meat, eggs, and French toast cooked in this way are served in millions of homes daily. Apparently the consumers are not beset with more signs of indigestion than afflicted by those who insist upon broiling, roasting, or boiling. Some years ago one of our most eminent physiologists investigated the digestibility of fried potatoes. He found that the pan variety was more easily broken down for assimilation than when deep fat was employed. The latter, however, dissolved within the alimentary tract ( 消化道 ) more readily than the boiled type. Furthermore, he learned, by watching the progress of the contents of the stomach by means of the fluoroscope (熒光檢查儀), that fat actually accelerated the rate of digestion. Now all this is quite in contrast with "authority". Volumes have been written on nutrition, and everywhere the dictum ( 權威意見) has been accepted--no fried edibles of any sort for children. A few will go so tar as to forbid this style of cooking wholly. Now and then an expert will be bold enough to admit that he uses them himself, the absence of discomfort being explained on the ground that he possesses a powerful gastric ( 胃的 )apparatus. We can of course sizzle perfectly good articles to death so that they will be leathery and tough. But thorough heating, in the presence of shortening, is not the awful crime that it has been labeled. Such dishes stimulate rather than retard contractions of the gall bladder. Thus it is that bile ( 膽汁 ) mixes with the nutriment shortly after it leaves the stomach.

We don't need to allow our foodstuffs to become oil soaked, but other than that, there seems to be no basis for the widely heralded prohibition against this method. But notions become fixed. The first condemnation probably rose because an "oracle" ( 聖賢) suffered from dyspepsia (消化不良) which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu. The theory spread. Others agreed with him, and after a time the doctrine became incorporated in our textbooks. The belief is now tradition rather than proved fact. It should have been refuted long since, as experience has demonstrated its falsity.

56. This passage focuses on__________.

A. why the skillet is a handy piece of kitchen equipment

B. the digestibility of fried foods

C. how the experts can mislead the public in the area of food preparation

D. why fried foods have long been frowned upon

57. People engaged in active labor eat fried foods because __________.

A. they are healthful

B. they are much cheaper

C. they can be easily digested

D. they can provide the calories the workers need

58. The author implies that the public should__________.

A. prepare some foods by frying

B. avoid fried foods if possible

C. fry foods for adults but not for children

D. prepare all foods by frying

59. When the author says that "an 'oracle' suffered from dyspepsia which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu" he is being__________.

A. grateful

B. factual

C. sarcastic

D. humorous

60. The passage was probably taken from__________.

A. a medical journal

B. a publication addressed to the general public

C. a speech at a medical convention

D. an advertisement for cooking oil

　Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

In the second half of the twentieth century, many countries of the South ( 發展中國家) began to send students to the industrialized countries for further education. They urgently needed supplies of highly trained personnel to implement a concept of development based on modernization.

But many of these students decided to stay on in the developed countries when they had finished their training. At the same time, many professionals who did return home but no longer felt at ease there also decided to go back to the countries where they had studied.

In the 1960s, some Latin American countries tried to solve this problem by setting up special "return" programs to encourage their professionals to come back home. These programs received support from international bodies such as the International Organization for Migration, which in 1974 enabled over 1,600 qualified scientistsand technicians to return to Latin America.

In the 1980s and 1990s, "temporary return" programs were set up in order to make the best use of trained personnel occupying strategic positions in the developed countries. This gave rise to the United Nations Development Program's Transfer of Knowledge through Expatriate ( 移居國外的 ) Nationals, which encourages technicians and scientists to work in their own countries for short periods. But the brain drain (人才流失) fromthese countries may well increase in response to the new laws of the international market in knowledge.

Recent studies forecast that the most developed countries are going to need more and more highly qualified professionals around twice as many as their educational systems will be able to produce, or so it is thought. As a result there is an urgent need for developing countries which send students abroad to give preference to fields where they need competent people to give muscle to their own institutions, instead of encouraging the training of people who may not come back because there are no professional outlets for them. And the countries of the South must not be content with institutional structures that simply take back professionals sent abroad, they must introduce flexible administrative procedures to encourage them to return. If they do not do this, the brain drain is bound to continue.

61. Which of the following is NOT correct according to the passage?

A. The developing countries believe that sending students to the industrialized countries is a good way to meet their own needs for modernization.

B. The South American countries have been sending students to developed countries since the 1920s.

C. Many people trained abroad remain in the developed countries instead of coming back to serve their home countries.

D. The International Organization for Migration successfully helped more than 1,600 professionals to return to their own countries in a single year.

62. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons why the developing countries are losing their brain power?

A. Many professionals did not feel comfortable in their home countries after they returned home.

B. "Temporary return" programs encouraged professionals to work in their home countries for short periods.

C. The new laws of the international market encourage knowledge transfer.

D. The professionals from the developing countries have been trained in fields where they could not apply their knowledge to the best advantage in their home countries.

63. In the author's opinion, the developing countries should __________.

A. keep their present administrative procedures so as to ensure that their students return after graduation

B. cooperate more effectively with international organizations

C. set up more return programs under the guidance of the UN

D. send students abroad in the fields where their knowledge is more likely to be made full use of in their own countries

64. According to the passage, the problem of the developing countries will continue__________.

A. as long as the developed countries need more qualified professionals than they can educate domestically

B. as long as the developing countries are content with their present institutional structures

C. unless those countries stop sending large number of students to be trained abroad

D. if theh governments fail to make administrative adjustments concerning the return procedures of their professionals

65. The best title for the passage is__________.

A. The Brain Drain of the Developing Countries

B. Knowledge Transfer

C. The Talents from the Developing Countries

D. The Failure of Development Programs

【參考譯文】

很長時間以來，人們都不喜歡油炸食品。然而，長柄平底煎鍋基本上是我們廚房裏最方便、最有用的廚具。

[57]健壯的伐木工人以及其他從事體力勞動的人員，每天需要4000卡路里或者更多的熱量，他們吃的食物中的有三分之一是用這種煎鍋來烹飪的。用煎鍋烹製的肉、蛋和法式土司每天都會出現在千百萬人家的`餐桌上。很明顯，困擾這些食用者的不是消化不良的跡象越來越多，而是那些堅持只用烘、烤、煮的方法烹飪的人對他們的折磨。數年前，一位非常著名的生理學家研究了油炸薯條的可消化性。他發現，用平底鍋烹製食物時，不用油炸要比油炸的更容易被吸收。汪是，比起蒸煮過的食物，經過油炸的食物更容易在消化道里分解。並且，當通過熒光檢查儀觀察胃裏食物的消化過程時他還發現，實際上脂肪可加快消化的速度。而現在這些發現都與“權威”説法相悖、營養方面的書籍汗牛充棟，其中油炸食品有害的權威説法隨處可見——孩子絕對不能吃任何油炸食物。一些書籍甚至完全禁止使用煎炸這種烹飪方式。時不時還會有某位專家大膽地指出自己進行了親身試驗，但他吃了油炸食物身體卻安然無恙的原因在於自己的胃功能強大。當然，我們可以重複閲讀這些好文章.直到感覺味同嚼蠟、無聊透頂。但是(油炸)這種含有起酥油的徹底加熱的方式，並不像之前人們所定義的那樣糟糕。這樣的食物不僅不會阻礙膽囊收縮，反而會刺激其收縮。這樣，這些膽汁就能在營養物從胃裏流出之後迅速與其混合。

[58]我們沒有必要讓我們的食品浸在油裏，但與此相反：油炸食品這個方法被廣泛禁止好像也沒有什麼依據。但是這一觀念卻根深蒂固。

[59]人們最初對油炸食品的非難，可能源自某位“聖賢”，這位前輩偶爾消化不良就認定是吃了菜單上某些油炸食品的結果。於是他的這種論調傳播開來。不少人贊同他的觀點，後來人們就把這種信條寫入教科書了。現在，這種信條是一種傳統的定義，而不是經過驗證的事實，這種信條早就該被推翻了，因為實踐已經證明了它的荒謬。

　【答案解析】

56.B定位：根據題幹信息this passage focuses on可知解答本題需通觀全文。解析：整篇文章談論的主題是油炸食品是否易於消化。第一段提到：人們一直不喜歡油炸食品，因為據説這種食品不好消化，但科學家卻發現，經過油炸的食物更容易在消化道里分解。第二段提到：人們反對油炸食品，説其會引起消化不良，是因為這種説法已經成為傳統，但它卻並非被證明了的事實，而實踐已經證明了它的荒謬。綜上所述，這篇文章的主題就是me digestibility of tried foods。故選B。

57.D定位：根據題幹信息people engaged in active labor可將答案定位到第一段第三句。解析：該句提到：“健壯的伐木工人以及其他從事體力勞動的人員，每天需要4000卡路里或者更多的熱量，他們吃的食物中約有三分之一是用這種煎鍋來烹飪的。”由此可知，從事體力勞動的人員需要吃油炸食物是因為這類食物能提供足夠的熱量。故選D。

58.A定位：根據題幹信息implies that the public should可將答案定位到第二段第一句。解析：題幹問作者對公眾烹飪食品有何建議，作者在第一段提到，據實驗證明，油炸食品非但不會導致消化不良，而且還比較容易消化。第二段開頭處又提到：“我們沒有必要讓我們的食品浸在油裏，但與此相反，油炸食品這個方法被廣泛禁止好像也沒有什麼依據。”可見，作者的觀點是人們是可以食用一些油炸食品的。故選A。

59.C定位：根據題幹信息an“oracle”suffered from dyspepsia which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu可將答案定位到第二段第二句。解析：題幹中的引文選自第二段中間處，作者提到：“人們最初對油炸食品的非難，可能源自某位。聖賢’，這位前輩偶爾消化不良就認定是吃了菜單上某些油炸食品的結果。於是他的這種論調傳播開來”作者的諷刺語氣躍然紙上。加之oracle本身就在引號裏，更足以證明其諷刺性。故選C。

60.B定位：根據題於信息taken from可知解答本題需通觀全文。解析：題幹問這篇文章的出處。從文章內容和風格來看，應該是節選自一本大眾科普讀物，它既不像醫學雜誌、會議發言文章那樣嚴謹，也不像廣告那樣以產品為核心。因此正確答案為B項。