英語四級衝刺閲讀題及解析2017

學習猶如逆水行舟，不進則退。以下本站小編整理的英語四級衝刺閲讀題及解析，歡迎閲讀練習!

　　Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)

　　Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

Women in 2011 made no significant gains in winning more top US business jobs, according to a study, but he head of the study said women are poised to make 47 in the year ahead.

The number of women who were board directors, corporate officers or top earners at Fortune 500 companies remained 48 unchanged, said the study by Catalyst, a nonprofit group that 49 opportunities for women in business.

The percentage of companies with women on the board of directors was 15.1 percent this year, compared with 14.8 percent in 2010, Catalyst said.

Also, the percentage of corporate officer positions 50 by women was 15.7 percent in 2011 and 15.4 percent in 2010, it said. The percentage of top earners in 2011 who were women was 6.2 percent, compared to 6.7 percent in 2010, it said.

The research on the Fortune 500 companies was 51 on data as of March 31, 2011. The slight changes in the numbers are not considered 52 significant, Catalyst said.

Nevertheless, given the changes in U.S. politics, the future for women in business looks more 53 , said Ilene Lang, president and chief executive 54 of Catalyst.

"Overall we're 55 to see change next year," Lang said. "When we look at shareholders, decision makers,the general public, they're looking for change. "

"What they're basically saying is, 'Don't give us 56 of the status quo(現狀). Get new ideas in there, get some fresh faces.'" she said.

A) officer I) essentially

B) changes J) strides

C) based K) promotes

D) positions L) statistically

E) more M ) confused

F) promising N) held

G) businesslike O) expecting

H) surveying

　　Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Without regular supplies of some hormones our capacity to behave would be seriously impaired; without others we would soon die. Tiny amounts of some hormones can modify our moods and our actions, our inclination to eat or drink, our aggressiveness or submissiveness ( 順從), and our reproductive and parental behavior. And hormones do more than influence adult behavior; early in life they help to determine the development of bodily form and may even determine an individual's behavioral capacities. Later in life the changing outputs of some endocrine ( 內分泌) glands (腺體) and the body's changing sensitivity to some hormones are essential aspects of the phenomena of aging.

Communication within the body and the consequent integration of behavior were considered the exclusive province of the nervous system up to the beginning of the present century. The emergence of endocrinology (內分泌學) as a separate discipline can probably be traced to the experiments of Bayliss and Starling on the hormones

secreting. This substance is secreted from cells in the intestinal ( 腸的 ) walls when food enters the stomach; it travels through the bloodstream and stimulates the pancreas ( 胰 ) to liberate pancreatic juice, which aids in digestion. By showing that special cells secret chemical agents that are conveyed by the bloodstream and regulate distant target organs or tissues, Bayliss and Starling demonstrated that chemical integration can occur without participation of the nervous system.

The term "hormone" was first used with reference to secreting. Starling derived the word from the Greek hormone, meaning "to excite or set in motion". The term "endocrine" was introduced shortly thereafter.

"Endocrine" is used to refer to glands that secrete products into the bloodstream. The term "endocrine" contrasts with "exocrine (外分泌)", which is applied to glands that secrete their products through ducts (導管) to the site of action. Examples of exocrine glands are the tear glands, the sweat glands, and the pancreas, which secretes pancreatic juice through a duct into the intestine. Exocrine glands are also called duct glands, while endocrine glands are called ductless glands.

57. The author's main purpose in this passage is to__________.

A) explain the specific functions

B) provide general information about hormones

C) explain how the term "hormone" evolved

D) report on experiments in endocrinology

58. What conclusion can we draw from the passage?

A) The human body requires a large amount of hormones.

B) Synthetic hormones can replace a person' s natural supply of hormones if necessary.

C) The quantity of hormones produced and their effect on the body are related to a person's age.

D) The short child of tall parents probably had a hormone deficiency early in life.

59. The word "liberate" (Line 5, Paragraph 2 ) could be best replaced by __________.

A) emancipate

B) discharge

C) surrender

D) save

60. It can be inferred from the passage that, before the experiments of Bayliss and Starling, most people believed

that chemical integration occurred only__________.

A) during sleep

B) in the endocrine glands

C) under control of the nervous system

D) during strenuous exercise

61. According to the passage, another term for exocrine glands is__________.

A) duct glands

B) endocrine

C) ductless glands

D) intestinal glands

　　Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?

Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity than to step out of uniform?

Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible ( 可減税的 ). They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.

Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.

Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.

62. It is surprising that Americans who worship variety and individuality __________.

A) still judge a man by his clothes

B) hold the uniform in such high regard

C) enjoy having a professional identity

D) will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform

63. People are accustomed to thinking that a man in uniform

A) suggests quality work

B) discards his social identity

C) appears to be more practical

D) looks superior to a person in civilian clothes

64. The chief function of a uniform is to __________.

A) provide practical benefits to the wearer

B) make the wearer catch the public eye

C) inspire the wearer's confidence in himself

D) provide the wearer with a professional identity

65. According to the passage, people wearing uniforms __________.

A) are usually helpful

B) have little or no individual freedom

C) tend to lose their individuality

D) enjoy greater popularity

66. The best title for this passage would be __________.

A) Uniforms and Society

B) The Importance of Wearing a Uniform

C) Practical Benefits of Wearing a Uniform

D) Advantages and Disadvantages of Uniforms

　　答案及解析：

Part IV Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)

Section A

【參考譯文】

一項研究報告顯示，2011年美國女性在獲得商界高管職位方面沒有取得明顯進步，但研究的負責人稱明年女性已準備好取得[47]進展。由[49]促進女性在商界的職業發展的非贏利機構Catalyst所做的這項調查指出，“財富500強”企業的董事會和管理層成員或高薪員工中女性的比例[48]基本沒有變化。Catalyst稱，今年l5.1%的公司董事會中有女性成員，去年這一比例為14.8%。此外，2011年公司的管理層職位中有15.7%由女性[50]擔任，2010年為l5.4%。2011年高薪員工中女性佔6.2%，而2010年為6.7%。對“財富500強”企業所做的研究是[51]基於2011年3月31日以前的相關數據之上的。Catalyst稱，這些細微的數據變化[52]在統計學上意義不大。Catalyst機構總裁兼[s3]首席執行官史琳•朗表示，儘管如此，考慮到美國政壇的變化，商界女性的前景將會[54]改觀。她説：“總的説來，我們[55]期待看到明年的變化。股東、決策者和公眾都在期待改變。”她説：“大家都在説：‘我們不要[56]再維持現狀，我們需要新的理念，新的面孔。”’【説明文：女性在商界高管和高薪員工巾所佔的比例沒有太大的改觀】

第一段：提出結論——女性在獲得商界高管職位方面沒有取得明顯進步，但前景看好。

第二至五段：用Catalyst機構調查得出的具體對比數據，説明女性在商界高管和高薪員工中所佔的比例沒有太大的變化。

第六至八段：Catalyst的總裁艾琳表示由於多種因素，商界女性的前景將會改觀。

【答案解析】

47.J

語法判斷：空格前為make，空格後為in the year ahead，因此應填入名詞，且應與make形成合適的搭配。

語義判斷：前文説：“2011年美國女性在獲得商界高管職位方面沒有取得明顯進步，但……”從語義上的轉折可以判斷，此部分應是表達“明年女性會取得進展”，make strides既合語法，亦合語義，故J為正確答案。

48.I

語法判斷：空格前為句子的謂語remained，空格後為unchanged。從語法上判斷結構完整，因而要填入的應是副詞。

語義判斷：備選的副詞有：essentially和statistically。從上下文語義判斷，本句應意為：“在過去一年中，這些佘司的董事會和管理層成員或高薪員工中女性的比例基本沒有變化。”essentially(基本上)符合語法和句意，故為正確答案。

49.K

語法判斷：空格前為a nonprofit group that，空格後為opportunities for women in business。從語法上判斷，that引導着一個定語從句，先行詞為nonprofit group，作主語，空格處應填入動詞，且應為第三人稱

單數。

語義判斷：備選項中的動詞或可能用作動詞的有。changes、based、promising、promotes、confused、held和expecting。promotes(促進，提升)符合語法和句意，即：“促進女性在商界的職業發展”。

50.N

語法判斷：空格前為corporate officer positions，空格後為by women，因而應填入過去分詞。

語義判斷：備選項中的過去分詞有：based、confused、held。比較可知held符合句意，即：“2011年公司的管理層職位中有15.7%由女性擔任”。

51.C

語法判斷：空格前為was，空格後為on data as of…，很有可能要填入動詞的過去分詞。

語義判斷：備選項中的過去分詞還有based和confused。based on為固定搭配，代入句中意思也比較通順。本句意為：“對‘財富500強’企業所做的研究是基於2011年3月31日以前的相關數據之上的。”，故答案應為based。注意該空所在句中as of為固定短語，意為“截至”。

52.L

語法判斷：空格前為：are not considered，空格後為：significant，句子成分完整，空格中應填入副詞。

語義判斷：備選項中的.副詞只剩下statistically，代入後則句子意為：“這些細微的數據變化在統計學上意義不大。”可見statistically既合語法，亦合語義，故為正確答案。

53.F

語法判斷：空格前為the future…looks 。空格後為逗號，本空應填入形容詞。

語義判斷：備選項中的形容詞或可用作形容詞的有：more、promising、businesslike、confused。填入promising則句意為：“商界女性的前景將會改觀”。promising修飾future已成為慣用的搭配，表示“未來是有希望的”，也即“前景樂觀”。

54.A

語法判斷：空格前為president and chief executive，可見空格處應該為職位。

語義判斷：chief executive officer(CEO)為“首席執行官”之意，故本空選officer。類似的表達還有：chief financial officer(CFO)首席財務官;chief operation officer(COO)首席運營官等等，考生應該多加積累。

55.O

語法判斷：前面是We’re，後面是to see…，很有可能應填入現在分詞。此外，下文的when we look at shareholders，decision makers，the general public，they’re looking for change.也為我們解題提供了線索。

語義判斷：備選項中是現在分詞的還有：surveying和expecting，填入expecting符合語法，同時句意“我們期待看到明年的變化”也較為通順。

56.E

語法判斷：空格前為Don’t give us，空格後為of the status quo。應填入名詞或形容詞。

語義判斷：由後文的“我們需要新的理念，新的面孔”我們基本可以判斷該句的句意應為：不要維持現狀。填入more，既符合語法也符合句意，故為正確答案。

Section B

Passage One

【參考譯文】

【説明文：人體的激素】

第一段：激素對於人體的重要作用。

第二段：科學家貝利斯和斯塔林發現激素的過程。

第三段：激索、內分泌等術語的由來，以及外分泌與內分泌的關係。

【答案解析】

57.B

定位：根據題幹信息main purpose in this passage可知解答本題需通觀全文。

解析：題幹問作者寫此篇文章的主要目的是什麼。A項“解釋某種功能”不夠全面，C項“解釋‘荷爾蒙’這一概念是如何演變的”不是文章主要説明的內容，D項“報告關於內分泌的實驗”也並非作者的目的。正確答案應為B項“提供有關激素的基本信息”。

58.C

定位：根據題幹信息conclusion可知解答本題需通觀全文。

解析：選項C的意思是“人體所產生的激素的數量以及它們對於人體的影響與人的年齡有關”，這與第一段最後一句話意思相近，原文提到：“成年以後，內分泌腺體產生不同的分泌物，身體也開始對不同的激素做出敏感程度各不相同的反應，這些都是人體成長或老化現象必不可少的方面。”可見激素的分泌的確與年齡有關。其他選項均在文中找不到依據。本題選C。

59.B

定位：根據題幹信息“liberate”(Line 5，Paragraph2)可直接定位到第二段第三句。

解析：原文提到：“食物進入胃以後，腸壁細胞就會分泌出一種物質;然後，它在血液中流動並刺激胰 腺釋放胰液，而胰液能夠促進消化。”emancipate意為“解放”，discharge意為“釋放”，surrender意為“投

降”。save意為“保存”。B項與liberate的意思相符，故為正確答案。

60.C

定位：根據題幹信息before the experiments of Bayliss and Starling可將答案定位到第二段最後一句。

解析：該句提到：“貝利斯和斯塔林通過展示特殊的細胞能分泌出化學物質(它們通過血液進行傳輸，並能夠調控遠距離的目標器官或組織)，證明即便沒有神經系統的參與，化學結合仍可能發生。”而且本段第一句也提到“直至本世紀初，人們依然認為，人體內各部分的交流以及後續的行為整合只能在神經系統裏進行”，由此可見，在貝利斯和斯塔林的實驗之前，人們一直認為這一切都發生在神經系統裏或必須有神經系統的參與。故選C。

61.A

定位：根據題幹信息another term for exocrine glands可將答案定位到文章末句。

解析：exocrine glands為“外分泌腺體”，文章最後一段提到，外分泌腺體所分泌的物質不是直接釋放到血液裏，而是通過導管輸送到相應的部位，因此又叫管腺。在最後一句有明確的説明。解答本題需要將提到的各種術語清晰對照。

Passage Two

【參考譯文】

【説明文：美國人對制服的推崇以及制服的優缺點】

第一段：指出美國人對於制服十分熱愛和推崇。

第二至三段：介紹穿制服的好處。

第四至五段：介紹穿制服的一些不好的方面。

【答案解析】

62.B

定位：根據題幹信息Americans who worship variety and individuality可將答案定位到第一段第一句。

解析：文章第一句即提到：“美國人因他們的多樣性和個性而自豪，但他們很少對其他的事物像對制服這樣熱愛和尊重，不論是電梯操作人員的制服還是五星上將的制服都是如此。”可見，美國人雖然崇尚多樣性和個性，但卻將制服推崇到很高的地位。故選B。

63.A

定位：根據題幹信息are accustomed to thinking that a man in uniform可將答案定位到第二段第二句。

解析：題幹中的are accustomed to thinking與原文中的have become conditioned to expect同義，原文提 到：“對於一個穿着制服的人，人們已經開始條件反射式地期待上好的質量。”A項中的quality work為原文中superior quality的同義轉述。故為正確答案。

64.D

定位：根據題幹信息chief function of a uniform可將答案定位到第二段第三至五句。

解析：第二段在講到制服的功能的時候提到，維修員、機械師如果穿着制服的話，比穿便服更能獲得人們的信任。在最後一句又提到：“若要使護士、警察、理髮師或者侍者的職業身份消失，還有比讓他們脱下制服更容易的辦法嗎?”可見，制服最重要的功能就是給人一種職業的、值得信任的感覺，故選D。

65.C

定位：根據題幹信息people wearing uniforms和題文同序的規律可將答案定位到第四段。

解析：第四段第一句提到：“在反對制服的觀點中，首要的一條就是它們缺少變化，而且必須穿着制服的人們還會因此面臨個性缺乏的問題。”第二句又提到：“穿着某一類制服的人一般只能穿一種，一成不變，直到退休。”可見，穿制服的人會失去某種自由和個性。故選c。

66.D

定位：根據題幹信息best title for this passage可知解答本題需通觀全文。

解析：文章第一段指出美國人對於制服十分熱愛和推崇，第二、三段介紹的基本都是制服的優點，第四、五段介紹的則是制服一些不好的方面，故D項“制服的優缺點”能較好地概括本文內容，B和C項均不夠完整，而A項不是文章討論的主要內容。