英語四級閲讀技巧介紹

英語四級閲讀技巧--事實細節題解題規律

命題規律

1、列舉處常考

列舉處指的是 First,...,Second ,...,Third,..., 等並列關係詞出現的部分。要求考生從列舉出的內容中 , 選出符合題幹要求的答案項。列舉方式有時不用數字排序 , 而是採取句式排比的方式進行。

2、 舉例與打比方的地方常考

為了使自己的觀點更具有説服力，更加明確 ，作者常以具體的例子來佐證。這些例子或比喻常會成為考點，因此考生應對那些引出這些例子或比喻的標誌詞加以注意。這類詞很多，常見的有as, such, for example, for instance, a case, in point 等。

3、 （指示）代詞出現處常考

這類考題 ,常用來考查考生是否真正理解上下文之間的句際關係和意義。

4、 引用人物論斷處常考

作者為正確表達自己觀點或使論點更有依據 , 常會引用某些權威人士的論斷或採納其重要發現等。命題者常在此處作文章。

5、 特殊標點符號後的內容常考

由於特殊標點符號後的內容常是對前面內容的進一步解釋和説明， 因此命題者常對標點符號後的內容進行提問。具體説，特殊標點符號包括：破折號（表解釋），括號（表解釋），冒號（表解釋），引號（表引用）。

答題技巧

若針對舉例子、引用名人言論、特殊符號 ( 如冒號、引號、破折號 ) 後內容出題 , 可只讀例子、名人言論、符號前後句內容 , 然後與選項對號入座。

例題：

CET4 1999 年1月第2篇

President Coolide's statgnent,"The business of America is b11sines,"still point to an important truth today --that business institution have more prestige(威望)in American society than any other kind of organization,including the government.

Q:The statement "The business of America is business"probably means__.

[A]the business institution in America are concerned with commerce

[B]business problems are of great importance to the American governmenthinmis

[C]business is of primary concern to Americans

[D]Aameric is a great power in world business

正確答案是 [C]

根據引號及其內容很快找到原文相關部分，其後的破折號必是對該句的解釋。因此考生不必在原文所引內容的兩個busine為何意上絞盡腦汁，只須理解破折號後內容，其意思是：美國商業機構在美國社會中享有的威望比包括政府在內的其他所有機構都要高。這個意思與選項 [C]中的"primary concern"(頭等大事)相對應，故選[C]。

如果題目只是針對某一段的內容提間，可只看該段內容即可答題，而不必等到把文章全看完才做。

例題： CET6 2002年12月第29題

In fact,the average compensation benefit in America has climbed from 55 percent of the states; average weekly wages in 1972 to 97 percent ,as most studies show,every 10 percent increase in compensation benefits results in a 5 percent increase in the numbers of workers who file for with so much more money floating in the workers' compensation system,it's not surprising that doctors and lawyers have helped themselves to a large slice of the growing pie.

Q:After 1972 workers'compensation insurance in the U.S became more favorable to workers so that___.

[A]the poverty level for a family of four went up drastically

[B]more money was allocated to their compensation system

[C]there were fewer legal barriers when they filed for claims

[D]the number of workers suing for damages increased

正確答案是 [D]

根據題幹中的"after 1972"可馬上判斷出線索在最後一段。這一段的大意是説自1972年後，越來越多的人因工傷索賠而獲益，所以越來越多的人就進行索賠，那麼也就有醫生和律師也來分一杯羹。尤其第二句話提到：索賠獲益每增加10個百分點，進行索賠的工人人數就增加了5個百分點，與[D]一致。

選項中照抄或似乎照抄原文的一般不是答案項，而同義詞替換的選項一般是答案。

例題：CET4 1997年6月第3篇

Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4: a holiday when traffic was light on the city's highways. In addition,changes made to the constructions codes in Los Angeles during the last 2O years have strengthened the city's buildings and highways,making them more resistant to earthquake.

Q:One reason why the loss of lives in the Los Angeles earthquake was comparatively low is that____.

[A]new computers had been installed in the buildings

[B]it occurred in the residential rather than on the highways

[C]large numbers of Los Angeles residents had gone for a holiday

[D]improvements had been made in the construction of buildings and highways

正確答案是 [D]

在四個選項中[C]項和[D]都與原文有關。但[C]達似乎照抄原文“the quake occurred…on a holiday”，但實際上是對原文的曲解。原文中並沒有説大多Los Angeles的居民們外出度假了，只是説了當時的交通情況。而選項[D]中的improvement 是對“change made to the construction codes”的解釋，是change在該文中的同義替換詞，因此[D]是正確答案。

選項中表達意義較具體，或膚淺地表達了字面意思的，一般不是答案項，而概括性的、抽象的、含義深刻的是答案項。

例題：CET4 2000年1月第1篇

Is it worth it?Two things experts consider when judging any risk are: 1)How likely the event is;and 2)How bad the consequences are if the event rts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might srike Earth once every 500,000 years.

Q:What do scientists say about the collision of an asteroid with Earth?

[A]It is very unlikely but the danger exists.

[B]Such a collision might occur every 25 years.

[C]Collidons d smaller asteroids with Earth occur more often than expected.

[D]It's still ear1y to say whether such a collision might occur.

正確答案是 [A]

依據節選文中最後一句可知雖然小行星每 50 萬年才撞擊地球一次 , 但此事總是有可能發生的。在四個選項中 , 只有 [A] 項 " 小行星與地球碰撞的可能性不大 , 但這種危險是存在的 " 最具概括性。因此 [A] 項正確。

選項內容與其他三項有較大差別的 , 可能為答案。

例題：CET4 1996年6月第3篇

Most our patients(注:指上文中提到的terminally iil patients) welcomed another human being with whom they could talk openly,honestly,and frankly about their of them shared with us their tremendous need to be informed,to be kept up-to-date on their medical condition and to be told when the end was near.

Q:The need of a dying patient for company shows____.

[A]his desire for communication with other people

[B]his fear of approaching death

[C]his pessimistic attitude towards his condition

[D]his reluctance to part with his family

正確答案是 [A]

若時間不充分，在緊急狀態下，對四個選項進行對比後可發現選項[A]內容與眾不同，其他三 項均表明了對死亡來臨時悲觀的心情，如恐懼、悲觀、不情願等，只有[A]表明了渴望與他人交流的意願。當然若時間充分可對原文相關部分進行分析， 以選文第一句為例，其意為：多數病人想與他人坦誠地談談自己的麻煩和困惑。由此可見，這是一種對交流的渴望，因而選[A]。

答案項中有絕對語氣詞的一般不是正確答案。這些語氣詞有 :must,always,never,the most,al1,merely,only,have to,any,no,completely,none,hardly 等。而選項中含有不十分肯定的語氣詞一般是正確答案項。這些語氣詞有： could,may,often,should,usually,might,most(大多數),more or less,relatively,be likely to,possible,whether or,not necessarily等。

在議論文中那些符合一般常識的選項，意義深刻富有哲理，符合一般性規律，屬於普通現象的選項往往是答案項。

例題：CET6 2002年1月第30題

It is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this benign(良性的) trend begins to stumble, and the genuine problems ets cannot always keep the environment no one owns the resource concerned, no one has an interest in conserving it or fostering it: fish is the best example of this.

Q:The primary solution to environmental problems is____.

[A]to allow market forces to operate properly

[B]to curb consumption of natural resources

[C]to limit the growth of the world population

[D]to avoid fluctuations in prices

正確答案是 [A]

本題題幹是問解決環境問題的基本方法是什麼，四個選項中[D]項“避免價格波動”與題幹無關，[B]項“限制自然資源的消耗”和[C]項“控制世界人口的增長”雖然有利於環境問題的解決，但不是基本解決方法。故[A]項為正確答案。由文章最後一段話説：在價格和市場手段不能正常運轉的地方便會出現環境、能源等問題，可以推出：環境問題的'解決之道便在於讓市場、價格手段正常地發揮作用，從而驗證[A]項正確。

細節題干擾項特點：(1)與原句內容相反；(2)與原文內容一半相同一半不同；(3)與原句內容相似但過於絕對化；(4)原文中根本沒提到。

自我測試一：

Studies of birds may offer unique insights into me el of the UCLA says he wonders if birds' half brain sleep"is just the tip of the iceberg(冰山)" speculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.

Q:By "just the tip of the iceberg",Siegel suggests that____.

[A]half brain sleep has something to do with icy weather

[B]the mystery of half?brain sleep is close to being solved

[C]most birds living in cold regions tend to be half sleepers

[D]half brain sleep is a phenomenon that could exist among other species

參考答案：

答案為[D]。根據引號內容很快找到原文相關部分，其後的內容必是對該問的解釋。第二句中説加州大學洛杉磯分校的Ferome el推測鳥類的半腦睡眠現象只是冰山露出來的一角。第三句説如果我們對其他物種作進一步認真仔細的觀察，可能會發現更多的例證，所以D正確。因此只要理解第二句、第三句的意思即可選出正確答案。 這一題是屬於考特殊標點符號後的內容

自我測試二：

1. Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak,and act similarly, on the job at least.

Q:According to the passage,people wearing uniforms___.

[A]are usually helped

[B]have little or no individual freedom

[C]tend to lose their individuality

[D]enjoy greater popularity

2. In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.

Q:The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that____.

[A]their social roles are rigidly determined

[B]most boys would like to follow their fathers professions

[C]boys like to play with their fathers while girls with their mothers

[D]they like challenging activities

3. When school officials in Kalkaska,Michigan,closed classes last week,the media flocked to the story,portraying the town’s 2,305 students as victims of stingy（吝嗇的）e is some truth to that;the property tax rate here is one third lower than the state shutting their schools also allowed Kalkaska’s educators and the state’s largest teachers’ union, the Michigan Education Association, to make a political r aim was to spur Passage of legislation Michigan lawmakers are debating to increase the state’s share of school funding.

Q:We learn from the Passage that schools in Kalkaska,Michigan,are funded_____.

[A]mainly by the state government

[B]exclusively by the local government

[C]by the National Education Association

[D]by both the local and state government

參考答案：

1.答案是[C]。在時間不充裕情況下，我們粗略對照原文，發現對“穿制服”的討論與individuality有關。四個選項中，[B和[C]涉及這一內容，而[刨項中由於使用“little”和“no”使語氣過於絕對，[C]項則使用語氣較為緩和的“tend to”，因此可確定[C]為正確答案。但是切記，若時間來得及，一定要返回原文有關部分驗證答案，原文大意是：反對穿制服者的基本觀點是制服缺少多樣化，因此會使穿制服的人也失去個性。

答案項中有絕對語氣詞的一般不是正確答案。

2.答案是[A]。四個選項中，[A]項與其他幾項相比符合人們對男女角色的普遍認識，而其他三項都有偏頗之處。 再返回原文，就在題幹所涉及的句子之後，出現了[A]項關鍵詞“social roles，rigidly determined”等，再次驗證[A]， 因而選[A]。

議論文中符合一般常識的選項，富有深刻哲理，符合一般規律的選項。

3.快速閲讀本段可知答案在[A]、[B]、[D]選項中，選項[A]和選項[B]説得過於絕對，[D]項用了both…and句型，所以[D]為正確答案。但是，如果時間來得及，一定要到原文中驗證答案。由本段第一句話中“students as victims of stingy taxpayers”和第二句話中提到的當地的税率較低這一點可知，當地的教育經費一部分來自於地方的税收；再由本段最後一句話中“the states share of school funding”可知，州政府也分擔教育經費。故驗證[D]為正確答案。

答案項中有絕對語氣詞的一般不是正確答案。

大學英語六級真題閲讀理解強化練習三

Part ⅡReading Comprehension (35 minutes)

Directions: There are 4 passages in this part, Each passage is followed by some questions at unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

In 1985 when a Japan Air Lines (JAL) jet crashed, its president, Yasumoto Takagi, called each victim’s family to apologize, and then promptly resigned. And in 1987, when a subsidiary of Toshiba sole sensitive military technology to the former Soviet Union, the chairman of Toshiba gave up his post.

These executive actions, which Toshiba calls “the highest form of apology,” may seem bizarre to US managers. No one at Boeing resigned after the JAL crash, which may have been caused by a faulty Boeing repair.

The difference between the two business cultures centers around different definitions of delegation. While US executives give both responsibility and authority to their employees, Japanese executives delegate only authority—the responsibility is still theirs. Although the subsidiary that sold the sensitive technology to the Soviets had its own management, the Toshiba top executives said they “must take personal responsibility for not creating an atmosphere throughout the Toshiba group that would make such activity unthinkable, even in an independently run subsidiary.”

Such acceptance of community responsibility is not unique to businesses in Japan. School principals in Japan have resigned when their students committed major crimes after school hours. Even if they do not quit, Japanese executives will often accept primary responsibility in other ways, such as taking the first pay cut when a company gets into financial trouble. Such personal sacrifices, even if they are largely symbolic, help to create the sense of community and employee loyalty that is crucial to the Japanese way of doing business.

Harvard Business School professor George Lodge calls the ritual acceptance of blame “almost a feudal (封建的) way of purging (清除) the community of dishonor,” and to some in the United States, such resignations look cowardly. However, in an era in which both business and governmental leaders seem particularly good at evading responsibility, many US managers would probably welcome an infusion (灌輸) of the Japanese sense of responsibility, If, for instance, US automobile company executives offered to reduce their own salaries before they asked their workers to take pay cuts, negotiations would probably take on a very different character.

21. Why did the chairman of Toshiba resign his position in 1987?

A) In Japan, the leakage of a slate secret to Russians is a grave came.

B) He had been under attack for shifting responsibility to his subordinates.

C) In Japan, the chief executive of a corporation is held responsible for the mistake made by its subsidiaries.

D) He had been accused of being cowardly towards crises that were taking place in his corporation.

22. According to the passage if you want to be a good manager in Japan, you have to ________.

A) apologize promptly for your subordinates' mistakes

B) be skillful in accepting blames from customers

C) make symbolic sacrifices whenever necessary

D) create a strong sense of company loyalty

23. What’s Professor George Lodge’s attitude towards the resignations of Japanese corporate leaders?

A) Sympathetic C) Critical

B) Biased. D) Approving.

24. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Boeing had nothing to do with the JAL air crash in 1985.

B) American executives consider authority and responsibility inseparable.

C) School principals bear legal responsibility for students' crimes.

D) Persuading employees to take pay cuts doesn’t help solve corporate crises.

25. The passage is mainly about ________.

A) resignation as an effective way of dealing with business crises

B) the importance of delegating responsibility to employees

C) ways of evading responsibility in times of crises

D) the difference between two business cultures

Passage Two

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

As machines go, the car is not terribly noisy, nor terribly polluting, nor terribly dangerous; and on all those dimensions it has become better as the century has grown older. The main problem is its prevalence, and the social costs that ensue from the use by everyone of something that would be fairly harmless if, say, only the rich were to use it. It is a price we pay for equality.

Before becoming too gloomy, it is worth recalling why the car has been arguably the most successful and popular product of the whole of the past 100 years—and remains so. The story begins with the environmental improvement it brought in the 1900s. In New York city in 1900, according to the Car Culture. A 1975 book by J. Flink, a historian, horses deposited 2.5 millioo pounds of manure(糞)and 60,000 gallons of urine (尿) every day. Every year, the city authorities had to remove an average of 15,000 dead horses from the streets, It made cars smell of roses.

Cars were also wonderfully flexible. The main earlier solution to horse pollution and traffic jams was the electric trolley bus (電車). But that required fixed overhead wires, and rails and platforms, which were expensive, ugly, and inflexible, The car could go from any A to any B, and allowed towns to develop in all directions with low-density housing, rather than just being concentrated along the trolley or rail lines. Rural areas benefited too, for they became less remote.

However, since pollution became a concern in the 1950s, experts have predicted—wrongly—that the car boom was about to end. In his book Mr. Flink argued that by 1973 the American market had become saturated, at one car for every 2.25 people, and so had the markets of Japan and Western Europe (because of land shortages). Environmental worries and diminishing oil reserves would prohibit mass car use anywhere else.

He was wrong, Between 1970 and 1990, whereas America’s population grew by 23%, the aumber of cars on its roads grew by 60%, There is now one car for every 1.7 people there, one for every 2.1 in Japan, one for every 5.3 in Britain. Around 550 million cars are already on the roads, not to mention all the trucks and mocorcyeles, and about 50 million new ones are made each year worldwide. Will it go on? Undoubtedly, because people want it to.

26. As is given in the first paragraph, the reason why the car has become a problem is that ________.

A) poor people can’t afford it

B) it is too expensive to maintain

C) too many people are using it

D) it causes too many road accidents

27. According to the passage, the car started to gain popularity because ________.

A) it didn’t break down as easily as a horse

B) it had a comparatively pleasant odor

C) it caused less pollution than horses

D) it brightened up the gloomy streets

28. What impact did the use of cars have on society?

A) People were compelled to leave downtown areas.

B) People were able to live in less crowded suburban areas.

C) Business along trolley and rail lines slackened.

D) City streets were free of ugly overhead wires.

29. k argued in his book that cars would not be widely used in other countries because ________.

A) the once booming car market has become saturated

B) traffic jams in those countries are getting more and more serious

C) expensive motorways are not available in less developed countries

D) people worry about pollution and the diminishing oil resources

30. What’s wrong with k’s prediction?

A) The use of automobiles has kept increasing worldwide.

B) New generations of cars are virtually pollution free.

C) The population of America has not increased as fast.

D) People’s environmental concerns are constantly increasing.

Passage Three

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

Crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society. Tears, be they of sorrow, anger, on joy, typically make Americans feel uncomforuble and embarrassed. The shedder of tears is likely to apologize, even when a devastating (毀滅性的) tragedy was the provocation. The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional outpouring. But judging form recent studies of crying behavior, links between illness and crying and the chemical composition of tears, both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive.

Humans are the only animals definitely known to shed emotiomal tears. Since evolution has given rise to few, if any, purposeless physiological responset, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that enhance survival.

Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to clicit assistance form others (as a crying baby might from its mother), the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help. Vocal cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain attention, So, it appears, there must be something special about tears themselves.

Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in alleviating stress, University of Minnesota researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears have recently isolated two important chemicals from emotional tears. Both chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to cmotion. Tears shed because of exposure to =cut onion would contain no such substance.

Researchers at several other institutions are investigating the usefulness of tears as a means of diagnosing human ills and monitoring drugs.

At Tulane University’s Teat Analysis Laboratory r Kastl and his colleagues report that they can use tears to detect drug abuse and exposure to medication(藥物), to determine whether a contact lens fits properly of why it may be uncomfortable, to study the causes of “dry eye” syndrome and the effects of eye surgery, and perhaps even to measure exposure to environmental pollutants.

At Columbia University y Faris and colleagues are studying tears for clues to the diagnosis of diseases away from the eyes. Tears can be obtained painlessly without invading the body and only tiny amounts are needed to perform highly refined analyses.

31. It is known from the first paragraph that ________.

A) shedding tears gives unpleasant feelings to American

B) crying may often imitate people or even result in tragedy

C) crying usually wins sympathy from other people

D) one who sheds tears in public will be blamed

32. What does “both those responses to tears”(Line 6, Para, 1) refer to?

A) Crying out of sorrow and shedding tears for happiness.

B) The embarrassment and unpleasant sensation of the observers.

C) The tear shedder’s apology and the observer’s effort to stop the crying.

D) Linking illness with crying and finding the chemical composition of tears.

33. “Counterproductive” (Lines 6-7, Para,1) very probably means “________”.

A) having no effect at all

B) leading to tension

C) producing disastrous impact

D) harmful to health

34. What does the author say about crying?

A) It is a pointless physiological response to the environment.

B) It must have a role to play in man’s survival.

C) It is meant to get attention and assistance.

D) It usually produces the desired effect.

35. What can be inferred from the new studies of tears?

A) Emotional tears have the function of reducing stress.

B) Exposure to excessive medication may increase emotional tears.

C) Emotional tears can give rise to “dry eye” syndrome in some cases.

D) Environmental pollutants can induce the shedding of emotional tears.

Passage Four

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.

It is no secret among athletes that in order to improve performance you’ve got to work hard. However, hard training breaks you down and makes you weaker, It is rest that makes you stronger. Improvement only occurs during the rest period following hard training. This adaptation is accomplished by improving efficiency of the heart and certain systems within the muscle cells. During recovery periods these systems build to greater levels to compensate for the stress that you have applied. The result is that you are now at a higher level of performance.

If sufficient rest is not included in a training program, imbalance between excess training and inadequate rest will occur, and performance will decline. The “overtraining syndrome(綜合症)” is the name given to the collection of emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms due to overtraining that has persisted for weeks to months. It is marked by cumulative exhaustion that persists even after recovery periods.

The most common symptom is fatigue. This may limit workouts and may be present at rest. The athlete may also become moody, easily imitated, have altered sleep patterns, become depressed, or lose the competitive desire and enthusiasm for the sport, Some will report decreased appetite and weight loss. Physical symptoms include persistent muscular soreness, increased frequency of viral (病毒性的) illnesses, and increased incidence of injuries.

The treatment for the overtraining syndrome is rest. The longer the overtraining has occurred, the more rest required, Therefore, early detection is very important, If the overtraining has only occurred for a short period of time (e.g. 3-4 weeks) then interrupting training for 3-5 days is usually sufficient rest. It is important that the factors that lead to overtraining be identified and corrected. Otherwise, the overtraining syndrome is likely to recur. The overtraining syndrome should be considered in any athlete who manifests symptoms of prolonged fatigue and whose performance has leveled off or decreased. It is important to exclude any underlying illness that may be responsible for the fatigue.

36. The first paragraph of the passage tells us that ________.

A) the harder an athlete trains, the better his performance will be

B) rest after vigorous training improves an athlete’s performance

C) strict systematic training is essential to an athlete’s top performance

D) improvement of an athlete’s performance occurs in the course of training

37. By “overtraining” the author means ________.

A) a series of physical symptoms that occur after training

B) undue emphasis on the importance of physical exertion

C) training that is not adequately compensated for by rest

D) training that has exceeded an athlete’s emotional limits

38. What does the passage tell us about the “overtraining” syndrome?

A) It occurs when athletes lose interest in sports.

B) It appears right after a hard training session.

C) The fatigue it results in is unavoidable in the athlete’s training process.

C) It manifests itself in fatigue which lingers even after a recovery period.

39. What does the phrase “level off” (Line 7, Para,4)most probably mean?

A) Slow down.

B) Become dull.

C) Stop improving.

D) Be on the decline.

40. The author advises at the end of the passage that ________.

A) overtraining syndrome should be treated as a serious illness

B) overtraining syndrome should be prevented before it occurs

C) an athlete with overtraining syndrome should take a lengthy rest

D) illness causing fatigue should not be mistaken for overtraining syndrome

PartⅡ Reading Comprehension

21---25 CACBD

26---30 BCBDA

31---35 ACDBA

36---40 BCDCD

大學英語六級真題詞彙強化練習五

Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)

Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

21 As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order, we have to _______ it.

A) postpone B) refuse

C) delay D) cancel

22 These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you _______ you need.

A) all the information B) all the informations

C) all of information D) all of the informations

23 Not until the game had begun _______ at the sports ground.

A) had he arrived B) would he have arrived

C) did he arrive D) should he have arrived

24 Young people are not _______ to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in.

A) conservative B) content

C) confident D) generous

25 Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is _______.

A) granted B) implied

C) exaggerated D) remedied

26 These surveys indicate that many crimes go _______ by the police, mainly because not all victims report them.

A) unrecorded B) to be unrecorded

C) unrecording D) to have been unrecorded

27 I have no objection _______ your story again.

A) to hear B) to hearing

C) to having heard D) to have heard

28 The clothes a person wears may express his _______ or social position.

A) curiosity B) status

C) determination D) significance

29 By law, when one makes a large purchase, he should have _______ opportunity to change his mind.

A) accurate B) urgent

C) excessive D) adequate

30 You will see this product _______ wherever you go.

A) to be advertised B) advertised

C) advertise D) advertising

31 The early pioneers had to _______ many hardships to settle on the new land.

A) go along with B) go back on

C) go through D) go into

32 The suggestion that the major _______ the prizes was accepted by everyone.

A) would present B) present

C) presents D) ought to present

33 Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, _______ overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women.

A) whose B) which

C) that D) what

34 Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested _______ at the next town.

A) to stop B) stopping

C) stop D) having stopped

35 I didn’t know the word. I had to _______ a dictionary.

A) look out B) make out

C) refer to D) go over

36 The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _______ his arguments in favour of the new theory.

A) to be based on B) to base on

C) which to base on D) on which to base

37 There are signs _______ restaurants are becoming more popular with families.

A) that B) which

C) in which D) whose

38 I think I was at school, _______ I was staying with a friends during the vacation when I heard the news.

A) or else B) and then

C) or so D) even so

39 It is said that the math teacher seems _______ towards bright students.

A) partial B) beneficial

C) preferable D) liable

40 In order to show his boss what a careful worker he was, he took _______ trouble over the figures.

A) extensive B) spare

C) extra D) supreme

41 - “May I speak to your manager Mr. Williams at five o’clock tonight?”

- “I’m sorry. Mr. Williams _______ to a conference long before then.”

A) will have gone B) had gone

C) would have gone D) has gone

42 You _______ him so closely; you should have kept your distance.

A) shouldn’t follow B) mustn’t follow

C) couldn’t’ have been following D) shouldn’t have been following

43 The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, _______ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities.

A) have allowed B) allow

C) allowing D) allows

44 Everybody _______ in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary.

A) assembled B) accumulated

C) piled D) joined

45 Putting in a new window will _______ cutting away part of the roof.

A) include B) involve

C) contain D) comprise

46 Living in the western part of the country has its problems, _______ obtaining fresh water is not the least.

A) with which B) for which

C) of which D) which

47 In the _______ of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to $30 million.

A) face B) time

C) event D) course

48 The manager would rather his daughter _______ in the same office.

A) had not worked B) not to work

C) does not work D) did not work

49 _______, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.

A) Although much he likes her B) Much although he likes her

C) As he likes her much D) Much as he likes her

50 The British constitution is _______ a large extent a product of the historical events described above.

A) within B) to

C) by D) at

參考答案：

21. D 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. B 29. D 30. B

31. C 32. B 33. A 34. B 35. C 36. D 37. A 38. A 39. A 40. C

41. A 42. D 43. D 44. A 45. B 46. C 47. C 48. D 49. D 50. B

英語四級考試考核要求與各題型解題技巧

Part I 聽力

按照新的教學大綱的要求，四級學生在學完1-4級基礎階段的英語課程後，對所給的英語口頭材料應達到一定的理解程度。對題材熟悉，內容淺於課文，基本上無生詞、語速為130個單詞的材料，一遍可以聽懂，準確率不低於70%。

通過對歷年試卷的聽力部分所作的題項分析，充分表明考生聽力的高低完全取決於他們是否具備了以下4個方面的基礎：

一.堅實的語言基礎

二.一定的文化背景知識

三.基本的聽力技能

四.正確有效的聽音習慣

聽力材料的選材原則一般基於以下三點：

一.對話部分為校園生活中的一般對話，句子結構和內容不太複雜

二.短文部分的材料是題材熟情節不太複雜的故事、講話或敍述等

三.所用詞彙不超過教學大綱詞彙表規定的範圍

解題技巧

1.對話

1）提前閲讀選項，判斷問題所屬，從而集中精力於有關信息

2）注意根據信息詞彙判斷地點和説話人的身份職業等

3）注意加減運算，聽到的不是答案

4）注意記筆記，將人物、地點、時間等對號入座

5）從語法、短語含義入手，判斷隱含之意

2.短文

1）提前閲讀選項，增加聽的目的性和針對性

2）注意把握首尾句，從整體上理解全文，這同樣有利於主題題的解答

3）聽時記筆記，以掌握文章的主要細節內容。邊聽文章邊看選項，按照聽的順序給選項標號。

最後再強調一下，大家要學會充分利用放Direction的時間，這個時候可以用來分析選項，對將要聽到的內容進行一些猜測和分析；另外在每道題目之間有約20秒鐘的間隔，希望也能充分運用，來分析下一道題目的選項。

Part II 閲讀理解

按照新的教學大綱的要求，四級學生在學完1-4級基礎階段的英語課程後應該能夠每分鐘閲讀50個英語詞，這樣的閲讀速度意味着每小時能讀約10頁原版書，具有相當的實用價值。大學英語考試的試卷構成中閲讀部分佔時35分鐘。根據上述閲讀速度的要求，四級的閲讀材料篇幅約為1，000詞。部分學生不具備這樣的閲讀速度，常常來不及在規定的時間內讀完全部材料，當然會影響閲讀部分的得分。

大學英語考試中的閲讀理解部分主要測試下述能力：

1.掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意

2.瞭解説明主旨和大意的事實和細節

3.既理解字面意思，也能根據所讀材料進行一定的判斷和推論

4.既理解個別句子的意義，也能理解上下文的邏輯關係

各類題型干擾項特點

1. 詞彙語義題

1）與上下文並不相吻合的我們所熟悉的定義

2）與上下文似乎相吻合的錯誤定義

3）出現在上下文中的與本詞詞性相同的詞

4）問及指代詞時，干擾項一般是上下文中出現的名詞或名詞短語

2.主旨大意題干擾項特點

1）覆蓋面太大，太籠統，大大超出了短文論述的範圍

2）覆蓋面太窄，在內容上只涉及短文的某一部分或若干要點

3）僅為短文的某一要點或某一細節

4）與短文內容擦邊，但偏離文章主題

5）與文章內容毫不相干，或與文章內容相悖

3.細節題干擾項特點

1）與短文細節部分相吻合，部分相悖

2）是短文細節，但不是要點或主要論據

3）是短文細節，但不符合題幹要求，題幹指向的應在短文其他位置

4）與常識相吻合但短文未提及

5）明顯與短文細節不符，相反或短文為提及

4. 邏輯推理題干擾項特點

1）不是在文章事實或上下文邏輯基礎上進行推理而得出了觀點

2）雖然可以以文章提供的事實或內在推理為基礎進行推理，但推理過頭，概括過度

3）是短文內容的簡單重述，而非推而論之

4）似推論得知，但實與原文內容主題相矛盾

5）與常識相吻合，但非從短文內容推論得出

6）偏離文章主題，屬主觀臆斷的結論，推理過頭，概括過度

5.觀點態度題干擾項特點

通過對歷年真題的分析，在考查學生推測作者觀點態度的是，一般正確選項要麼是肯定，要麼是否定，且以否定態度居多；一般出現的中性詞語大多為干擾項目。

Part IV 簡短回答

簡短回答主要考核考生對英語書面材料的確切理解能力。每次考試為一篇文章，文章後有5個問題或不完整的句子。要求在閲讀文章之後用不超過10個單詞的簡短英語（可以是句子，也可以是單詞或短語）回答所提的問題或補足不完整的句子。考試時間是15分鐘。文章大概在300字左右，文章類型與難易度與閲讀理解部分的類似。該題型除了檢驗學生對文章的理解外，還測試學生對英語的基本語法知識的掌握程度，對語言文字的表達、駕馭能力。

評分準則

1）本題要求讀後回答5個所提問題或補足不完整的句子

2）本題雖為簡答題，但回答不全者扣分

3）有自相矛盾處扣分

4）照抄原文者扣分

5）答非所問者扣分

6）答多者扣分

7）正確的回答裏有語法錯誤部分扣分

8）回答多餘部分如有語法錯誤同樣扣分

命題傾向剖析及應試技巧

簡答題主要考三種題型：主旨大意題、事實細節題、推理題，而以事實細節題考得最多(約70%)。

1. 主旨大意題

此類題型在三年會考得較少。做此類題要求考生用最簡潔而又內涵豐富的詞或短語高度概括文章的中心思想。許多考生的難處是短文看懂了，中心意思也知道，就是不知如何表達出來。此時，考生關鍵是找到主題句，通過對主題句進行"手術"，就能找到最佳答案。而主題句通常都在段首或段末，有時是一疑問句或一簡單句，且具有語法上的獨立性。關鍵詞有“in short”、“in my opinion”、“that is”、“therefore”、“I believe/suggest/think”、 “in fact”等。

2. 事實細節題

此類題型是簡答題考查最多題型，考查形式多樣，下面一一剖析。

(1)描述性題目能直接從原文中找到答案。此類細節題答案一般是句子謂語或賓語等主幹成分，考生略做變化即能寫出答案。

(2)因果型的題目短文中能直接找到原因或結果。通常表原因的關鍵詞有：for that reason, for, as, because, since, as a result of, owing to, thanks to等。表結果的關鍵詞有：as a result, therefore, consequently, thus, accordingly, so。考生閲讀時要注意這些詞後面的內容。

(3)範例型題目：需要概括答案的。表示舉例的關鍵詞有：for example, such …as, for instance, that is, as follow等。考生對這些詞後面的內容要注意。

(4)對照比較型題目：對照比較目的在於所涉及的兩個事物之間的不同或相似之處,進而説明主題.表對照的關鍵詞有：however、nevertheless、in contrast、 on the other hand、but、yet、while等。表比較的詞有：likewise、in the same way、as if、as等。

(5)描寫敍述型題目：需要變換詞法或句型。此類題句子內容和表達詞在原文中能找到，考生關鍵是進行時態的變換、句型的轉換。在替換過程中切勿因粗心犯了不該犯的錯誤，如時態、單複數和動名詞等。)

3. 推理題

這類題型主要包括兩種：描述事實基礎上推理和邏輯上的推理。

(1)在描述事實事礎上的推理題。考生只要在描述細節句子範圍內進行推理，不必顧及整體文章大旨，以防干擾。

(2)通過前後句以及上、下文內在邏輯進行推理。此類題一般針對主題思想、作者意圖而設計的。考生要注意首句、段尾句和表示轉折或因果關係的一些詞，如：but, however, yet, in short, as, although, as a result, because, since, therefore, thus, so等。

解題步驟

1）有的放矢，預讀問題，做到心中有數

2）五、六分鐘讀完全文，劃出反映文章結構的成分，把握文章主題和主要事實細節

3）一遍解答容易的問題，文章的閲讀最多兩遍

4）儘量用自己的語言組織答案，而且答案要簡潔、扼要、書寫要工整清晰，要注意大小寫，爭取以最簡單易懂的詞句來説明問題

5）答案一定要寫在該題所要求寫的地方，以避免答非所問之嫌，而影響得分

Part V 寫作

能在閲讀難度與課文相仿的書面材料時做筆記，回答問題，寫提綱和摘要，能就一定的話題，提綱，表格或圖示在半小時內寫出不少於120詞的短文，能寫日常應用文（信函，簡歷），內容完整，條理清晰，文理通順。

四級寫作的要求

一、評分原則

是檢查考生是否達到大學英語教學大綱規定的教學要求，對作文的評判應以此要求為準則

作文題採用總體(Global Scoring)評分方法。閲卷人員就總的印象給出獎勵分(Reward Scores)，而不是按語言點的錯誤數量扣分。

3.從內容和語言兩個方面對作文進行綜合評判。內容和語言是一個統一體。作文應表達題目做規定的內容，而內容要通過語言來表達，要考慮作文是否切題，是否充分表達思想，也要考慮是否用英語清楚而適切地表達思想，也就是要考慮語言上的錯誤是否造成理解上的障礙。

4.避免趨中傾向。該給高分的給高分，包括滿分；該給低分的給低分，包括0分。一名閲卷人員在所評閲的全部作文卷中不應只給中間的幾種分數。

二、評分標準

1.本題滿分為15分

2.閲卷標準共分五等：2分，5分，8分，11分及14分。各有標準樣卷一至二份。

3.閲卷人員根據閲卷標準，對照樣卷評分，若認為與某一分數（如8分）相似，即定為該分數（即8分）；若認為稍優或稍劣於該分數，則可加一分（即9分）。但不得加或減半分。

4.評分標準：

2分——條理不清，思路紊亂，語言支離破碎。

5分——基本切題。表達思想不清楚，連貫性差。大部分句子均有錯誤，切多數為嚴重錯誤。

8分——基本切題。有些地方表達思想不夠清楚，文字勉強連貫；語言錯誤相當多，其中一些是嚴重錯誤。

11分——切題。表達思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少量語言錯誤。

14分——切題。表達思想清楚，文字通順，連貫性較好。基本上無語言錯誤，僅有個別小錯。

白卷，作文與題目毫不相關，或只有幾個孤立的詞而無法表達思想，則給0分。

篇幅：120字

達不到字數要求的，要酌情扣1-5分；

90-99 扣1分，80-90扣2分，70-79扣3分，60-69扣5分，50-59扣7分，<49扣9分

佈局：三段式

只寫一段為0-4分，只寫兩段0-9分；

六級複習計劃：精聽泛聽結合 真題模擬題兼顧

針對CET-6複習計劃

聽力部分：分三部分

1.精聽 《20天20分》堅持每天上午聽20-30分鐘。

方法：①按書中的順序和思維把題目完成，包括指導的方法，聽力訓練（初次聽的時候不能每道題目反覆聽，應該集中精力象考試一樣一氣呵成。看看自己的正確率）以及課後的講解（不用按書上寫的天數複習，把每天的內容分散開來，別集中的囫圇吞棗，可以按照掌握的程度比如3天學一課）。

②做完一課以後，重新把聽力訓練的題目拿來，再繼續聽（注意第一瞭解大意後，聽寫出來，然後背並默出來，默寫直到無誤為止。此時要結合書中對這些題目考點和詞彙的分析，做到把重要的詞彙和句型融會貫通。在正式考試時候，也要一邊聽一邊適當的做一些筆記（主要是細節，只要自己懂的標記就好，不能影響聽的效果），以加強記憶。

2.精聽 真題（每天下午做）按上面的方法。

3.泛聽《新概念3》每天上午10分鐘左右。帶有欣賞和放鬆的性質。體會英文表達方式的精妙之處。

詞彙部分：資料:任何一本六級詞彙手冊

方法：①每晚臨睡前15-20分鐘雷打不動，可以在牀上並不動筆，但要迅速記憶並在心中拼寫。每次要首先複習以前背過的單詞。可以自己考自己，以檢查記憶情況。

②可用鉛筆在書上做標記，、一些名詞和肯定掌握的一看就會的可以標記上，複習的時候也不用看它，可以節省時間。對於一些用法較多的可以多花時間看，但是着重看考點。

切忌：不要一個單詞看半天，重要的是重複（保證每個單詞至少看過7遍以上），還有默唸，尤其注意發音（做到以後再聽力中可以聽出來）以及這個單詞的歷年考點(還不知道詞彙手冊上有否)。

閲讀理解：資料 ⑴真題

⑵新概念3

方法：㈠ 真題

①對於真題，每開始做新的一套的時候都要嚴格按六級考試的時間在規定的時間內完成，可以不寫作文。然後對答案，給自己評分。這樣有助於掌握自己提高的動向，而且隨着成績的提高也給自己信心。

在做題的過程中，我建議要先看一下每篇文章後的問題（注意：不看選項以免浪費時間）。有類似某某詞彙可用什麼代替或是什麼意思之類的題目可以提醒你在閲讀的時候發現，從而避免看到題目後又回去滿篇找詞。這樣帶着問題進行閲讀，而且每篇文章的第一句話和段首段尾句都要讀懂，或者説是仔細看尤其是第一句話，可以多看幾遍。聽我的沒有錯。

然後：開始做題。其中的關鍵是每一道題必須回到原文中找到出處-也就是能夠證明這道題正確答案的部分，千萬不要憑印象，憑經驗。最後注意的是除非覺得百分之九十是錯了，否則千萬別改。第一印象往往是對的。

②做完一套以後就是精讀了，要求比較高。對照後面的答案和譯文首先搞清楚自己到底錯在哪裏了。是差在沒有讀懂，還是單詞不認識還是馬虎。這是第一步，然後從頭到尾每個語法結構，每個指代，每個短語，每個常難句的細摳。直到弄懂為止。當然此過程中筆記是不能少的了，千萬別偷懶。反正只要是影響你讀懂的地方全要拿來分析。這項工作費時費力，但是很見效果。一般每套至少要用3-5個小時，當然詞彙（Vocabulary）也要這樣細摳。不同之處在於你會的題目略過，完全掌握的單詞也要略過。這樣你的筆記上就篩出了你沒有掌握的單詞。等到考試之前再看一遍。什麼叫做把書讀薄可以理解了吧！

㈡新概念3

反正是補充的經典閲讀嘛，重要程度自然不比真題。但是學習的路子還是一樣的。反正做題貴在精而不在多。

有時間還是背誦一下，最好在上午。這樣可以加強你的語感。到時候蒙對的概率也高一些。當然如果時間來得及可以拿磁帶練習聽寫。那水平就更高了。

改錯，完型：

基本上是本人的弱項，不過多多研究，覺得考試的時候保底的分數還是可以拿到的。

改錯無非是詞彙，語法類錯誤和邏輯錯誤。前面的詞彙，語法類錯誤我個人覺得還不是很難，多多留意名詞單複數，動詞的時態，非謂語形式等，形容詞副詞的比較級最高級，介詞的搭配，近義詞的誤用等等。

比較頭痛的是邏輯錯誤，而這個也是命題者越來越喜歡的出題點。命題者喜歡用一些詞把句子搞成和文章思路相反。我覺得需要注意一些連詞，有感情色彩的詞等，看看是不是應該換成其他的連詞，或者應該用該詞的反義詞。這個卻是我的常項。實際上，改錯也就是在考閲讀，閲讀水準提高了，改錯也不會顯得難了。我就省點筆墨吧。你也別太懶了，自己總結點也和我分享一下。反正我覺得你要是按照上面的方法做了那麼僅僅想Pass CET-6應該是沒有問題。

“跨越四六級”之第三週模擬考題及答案解析

完形填空（適用四六級）

Starting several days ago, is hoping some users will pay $30 per year for ad-free pages. These pages will _1_ users the ads, and give more _2_ including extra columns, and audio downloads of F. Scott Fitzgerald short stories. _3_ , users could continue to use the free site --- _4_ bigger, louder ads put on the web to _5_ the perceived ineffectiveness of _6_ banner ads on the tops of Web pages.

_7_ , with the exception _8_ The Wall Street Journal, which also _9_ Web ads, paid Internet sites have been unsuccessful. _10_ , an industry analyst believes the choice between a traditional site and an ad-free subscription site may become a _11_ in coming months, _12_ large interactive ads replace or _13_ traditional banner ads and demand more attention _14_ Web users. “My prediction is that as these interactive ads are _15_ and put on these sites, because they’re more undesirably noticeable , people will be more _16_ to paying for content that is ad-free,” says Denise Garcia, research director for media at Gartner, Inc.

Salon, an economically sick Web magazine, has had to lay _17_ about a third of its staff in recent months. It hopes the _18_ will bring _19_ much-needed revenue, but does not see it as a sure method to _20_ make the site profitable, a spokesman says.

1. A) provide B) spare C) give D) bring

2. A) personalities B) characters C) marks D) features

3. A) Or B) However C) Though D) Therefore

4. A) except B) despite C) although D) and

5. A) protect B) combat C) increase D) contradict

6. A) later B) latter C) current D) formal

7. A) Additionally B) Traditionally C) Essentially D) Presumably

8. A) to B) as C) at D) in

9. A) makes B) transforms C) performs D) runs

10. A) Presently B) So C) Though D) However

11. A) habit B) trend C) way D) instruction

12. A) when B) while C) as D) though

13. A) supplement B) put C) provide D) compensate

14. A) at B) to C) from D) in

15. A) implemented B) subscribed C) set D) prescribed

16. A) willing B) open C) tend D) likely

17. A) out B) aside C) down D) off

18. A) behavior B) move C) motion D) movement

19. A) in B) about C) at D) forth

20. A) instantly B) predictably C) constantly D) contemporarily

改錯 （適用於六級）

Many Americans mindlessly oppose hunting. They do so even in

cases where animal populations are dangerous high. In 1._______________

some areas of Alaska, wolves have become so rare that they 2________________

are running out of hunting ground and prey heavily on

moose, deer, and occasionally dogs. In past, game 3_______________

managers curbed wolf populations for trapping and aerial 4_______________

hunting without wiping away the species. Still, whenever 5______________

they propose do this nowadays, they receive tens 6_______________

of thousands letters of protest. Growing deer populations in 7________________

parts of California threat to starve themselves out. Seaotter 8_______________

colonies, booming in the Pacific coast, are fast running 9________________

out of food, too, as good as putting commercial fisher- 10____________

men out of business.

本週作文：（四級120字，六級150字）

1、 隨着社會發展，近年來出現了一個令人擔心的社會問題，人與人之間的信任程度降低了（舉例）

2、 這個問題所帶來的不良後果

3、 解決問題的辦法。

完形填空答案（適用四六級）

1. B) spare

2. D) features

3. A) Or

4. B) despite

5. B) combat

6. C) current

7. B) Traditionally

8. A) to

9. D) runs

10. D) However

11. B) trend

12. C) as

13. A) supplement

14. C) from

15. A) implemented

16. B) open

17. D) off

18. B) move

19. A) in

20. A) instantly

改錯答案 （適用於六級）

erous dangerously

numerous

past in the past

by

out

doing

sands letters thousands of letters

at threaten

along

well