2016年托福考試語法詞彙專項習題及答案

1. _________ denotes currency in circulation plus bank deposits.

A. The term “money supply”

B. The term is “money supply”

C. When the term “money supply”

D. “Money supply” is the term

答案：A

分析：缺主語。B，D中出現兩個謂語，一定錯。C中when多餘，使得句子不完整。

參考譯文：術語貨幣儲備是指流通貨幣加上銀行存款。

2. The Franklin stove， invented around 1742， ________， originally with a partially open front， and was designed to fit into a fireplace.

A. was made of cast iron

B. cast iron was made of

C. cast of iron was made

D. was of iron made cast

答案：A

分析：invented around 1742為插入語，2個was為並列謂語。be made of 為固定搭配。

參考譯文：Franklin火爐發明於1742年，是用鐵澆鑄的，原先前面可以部分打開，而且設計成能正好裝進壁爐。

3. A few species of mushrooms cause death or serious illness _________.

A. having eaten

B. that they are eaten

C. are eaten

D. when eaten

答案：D

分析：狀語從句的省略結構。省略條件：由特定的狀語從句引導詞：although， though， even though， if， when， while， as， whether; 從句為主系表結構;從句主語和主句主語一致。省略方式：要同時省略主語和系動詞。原句為：…… when mushrooms are eaten.

參考譯文：吃了一些種類的蘑菇會造成死亡或重大疾病。

4. Some critics maintain _________ the mystery novel is a symbolic ritual of guilt and retribution.

A. is that

B. that there is

C. it is

D. that

答案：D

分析：that引導賓語從句。A，C中出現兩個謂語動詞，錯;B中that引導的從句出現兩個謂語動詞，錯。

參考譯文：一些評論家認為神祕小説是罪與罰象徵性的儀式

5. _________ all cherry trees are very attractive when in bloom， some species with inferior fruit are cultivated especially for their flowers.

A. Although

B. There are

C. It is

D. That

答案：A

分析：後面句子完整，且出現了兩個謂語動詞，此處缺連接詞。

參考譯文：儘管所有的櫻桃樹在開花的時候都很美麗，但它們中的一些不結果的種類專門種植用來觀賞他們的花的。6. _________ the percentage of individuals with similar traits in succeeding generations， geneticists use the theory of probability.

A. The calculation of

B. To calculate

C. Is calculating

D. Calculated

答案：B

分析：to calculate，這裏用不定式表示“目的”，前半句的邏輯主語是geneticists，只有B符合要求;A中只有主語，句子不完整。

參考譯文：遺傳學家運用概率的理論來計算在後代中擁有相似特點個體佔有的百分比。

補充： 如同A的形式， 逗號前面就是一個名詞短語， 然而正確的句子裏， 名詞短語要麼作為主語的同位語， 要麼本身是主語， 如11題。 否則就是脱離句子成分， 成為錯誤。

7. Big-band uaaz relies on fixed arrangements， where_______than one instrument playing some of the parts， rather than on improvisation.

A. is more

B. whenever more

C. there is more

D. more

答案：C

分析：where引導狀語從句，後面缺主謂。

參考譯文：大型樂隊爵士依賴於固定的安排，其中演奏相同部分音樂的.樂器超過一個，而不是現聲發揮。

8. Because of _________ diversity， seven separate groupings or divisions of algae have been established by botanists.

A. them

B. so that

C. those

D. their

答案：D

分析：those是泛指，這裏應該用their來特指seven separate groupings or divisions of algae.

參考譯文：因為海藻們的不同特性，植物學家把他們分成7個不同的組別或分支。

9. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body.

A. in disease

B. that disease

C. of disease

D. about disease

答案：B

分析：動詞believe 的用法：直接加that引導的賓語從句。這裏that為連接adv.，在句中不作任何成分，其後接完整句。

參考譯文：大多數殖民時期的醫生認為疾病來源人體內不平衡的體液。

10. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.

A. she was the first woman to conduct

B. the first woman conductor

C. the woman was first conducting

D. the woman conducts first

答案：B

分析：缺賓語，答案中只有B，D可以作賓語，但D的語序不對。

參考譯文：1976，Sarah Caldwell成為在第一個在紐約Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家。

補充： 常考 the first/second/… one to do sth

11. On January 7， 1955， Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City’s Metropolitan Opera House.

A. the first African American

B. the first African American was

C. she was the first African American

D. when the first African American

答案：A

分析：缺賓語，C， D都不能作賓語。一句話中只能有一個謂語，而B中有was，句中出現兩個謂語，一定錯。

參考譯文：1955年1月7號，Marian Anderson成為在第一個在紐約Metropolitan Opera House擔任主唱的美籍黑人。

12. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States， _________ when massive highway-building programs permitted greater suburban growth.

A. and accelerated a phenomenon

B. a phenomenon that accelerated

C. accelerating a phenomenon which，

D. the acceleration of which phenomenon

答案：B

分析：考的是同位語結構，a phenomenon是 the decentralization of cities throughout the United States 的同位語。A中and為conj.，後面應該連接一個完整的句子，但缺主語，錯;C中語序混亂，錯; D中of which作為介詞賓語，後面應該接一個完整句，但只有一個phenomenon主語，句子不完整，錯。

參考譯文：可能戰後最重大的趨勢就是美國城市的分散化，當大規模高速公路建設項目容許了更大程度的發展郊區，這個現象更被促進了。

補充： accelerate/ accomplish/ achieve/ evolve都可以是vi.不接賓語

13. Ronald Reagan had served two terms as governor of California before _________ President.

A. he became

B. when becoming

C. became

D. did he become

答案：A

分析：before為狀語從句引導詞conj，後面一般引導一個完整的句子。B同時出現兩個狀語從句引導詞，錯;C缺主語;D應該為正常語序，選項中使用了倒裝句式，錯。

14. Frances Perkins， _________ of the United States cabinet， served in the cabinet as secretary of labor from 1933 to 1945.

A. the first female member

B. was the first female member

C. the first female member who

D. of whom the first female member

答案：A

分析：主語同位語結構。B中多了一個謂語was，因為後面已經有一個謂語動詞served， 一個句子中出現2個謂語且沒有連接詞就一定錯; C中who多餘，用法也不正確;D中of whom多餘，不是定語從句，考的是同位語結構。

參考譯文：Frances Perkins，是美國內閣的第一為女性成員，她從1933到1945年在內閣擔任勞工部祕書。

15. When _________ to dough and heated， carbon dioxide is released， causing the dough to rise.

A. is added baking powder

B. added baking powder is

C. is baking powder added

D. baking powder is added

答案：D

分析：When為狀語從句引導詞;語序應該為正常語序，A，C錯;B語序混亂，明顯應該用被動形式，而且有固定結構add to.

參考譯文：當把烘烤用粉加到麪糰里加熱的時候，會釋放出二氧化碳，使得麪糰漲開。