2017年5月公共英語五級考試衝刺習題及答案解析

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　　Text 3

Women' s minds work differently from men' s. At least, that is what most men are convinced of. Psychologists view the subject either as a matter or frustration or a joke. Now the biologists have moved into this minefield, and some of them have found that there are real differences between the brains of men and women. But being different, they point out hurriedly, is not the same as being better or worse.

There is, however, a definite structural variation between the male and female brain. The difference is in a part of the brain that is used in the most complex intellectual processes-the link between the two halves of the brain.

The two halves are linked by a trunkline of between 200 and 300 million nerves, the corpus callosum. Scientists have found quite recently that the corpus callosum in women is always larger and probably richer in nerve fibers than it is in men. This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance. The question is “What?” and, if this difference exists, are there others? Research shows that present-day women think differently and behave differently from men. Are some of these differences biological and inborn, a result of evolution? We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences. But could we be wrong?

Research showed that these two halves of the brain had different functions, and that the corpus callosum enabled them to work together. For most people, the left half is used for wordhanding, analytical and logical activities; the right half works on pictures, patterns and forms. We need both halves working together. And the better the connections, the more harmoniously the two halves work. And, according to research findings, women have the better connections.

But it isn' t all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and women on this basis. In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at "language subjects" and boys better at maths and physics. If these differences correspond with the differences in the hemispheric trunkline, there is an unalterable dis- tinction between the sexes.

We shah' t know for a while, partly because we don' t know of any precise relationship between abilities in school subject and the functioning of the two halves of the brain, and we cannot understand how the two halves inter-act via the corpus callosum. But this striking difference must have some effect and, because the difference is in the parts of the brain involved in intellect, we should be looking for differences in intellectual processing.

61. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

A. Biologists are conducting research where psychologists have given up.

B. Brain differences point to superiority of one sex over the other.

C. Results of scientific research fail to support popular belief.

D. The structural difference in the brain between the sexes has long been known.

62. According to the passage it is commonly believed that brain differences are caused by __ factors.

A. biological B. psychological C. physical I D ] social

63. "these differences" in paragraph 5 refer to those in __

A. skills of men and women

B. school subjects

C. the brain structure of men and women

D. activities carried out by the brain

64. At the end of the passage the author proposes more work on __

A. the brain structure as a whole

B. the functioning of part of the brain

C. the distinction between the sexesE D] the effects of the corpus callosum

65. What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To outline the research findings on the brain structure.

B. To explain the link between sex and brain structure.

C. To. discuss the various factors that cause brain differences.

D. To suggest new areas in brain research.

　　Text3

　　短文賞析

這篇有關大腦結構的文章，介紹男性、女性大腦結構及工作方式的不同，以及科學家的研究成果。男女大腦的工作方式有別不是指哪個好哪個壞，而是在處理複雜事件時.腦的不同部分起的作用不同。男女大腦的結構不同，科學家們發現女性的胼胝體的神經元比男性的要大，要豐富。左右大腦控制的部位各不相同。左大腦是用來文字處理。分析和進行邏輯動的;而右大腦是對圖片、圖式和形式起作用的.。我們需要兩邊協調共同作用。兩半腦連接得越好，那麼兩半邊在一起的協調就越好。據研究發現，女性的兩半腦之間的連接更好一些。作者説我們不知道學校學生的能力和大腦兩半球功能之間的確切關係。我們不懂大腦兩半球是如何通過胼胝體相互作用的。最後作者間接地提出期望，希望能對胼胝體對人體的影響多做研究工作。

答案及解析

61.c【解析】選項A即心理學家已經放棄，而生物學家正在展開研究工作。而文中第三句話説“Psychologists view the subject either as a matter of frustration or a joke，”即心理學家認為這個研究不是一件沮喪的事，就是一個笑話，此句和選項A含義不一樣。選項B即大腦區別顯示出一個性別優於另外一個性別。而文中第一段最後一句話説“But being different，they point out hurriedly，is not the same as being better or worse.”即他們指出儘管有區別，但並不能説明誰優誰劣，此句和選項B含義不一樣。選項D兩性大腦結構的區別早已為人所知。而文中第三段第三句話説“This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men...”即這是第一次人們發現了兩性大腦結構的不同，此句和選項D含義不一樣。所以本題應選C。

62.D【解析】根據這篇文章，普遍認為大腦的區別由什麼因素引起的?短文第三段倒數第二句話説“We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences.”即我們認為社會的影響造成了這些區別。A、B、C均不符合題意。所以本題應選D。

63.A【解析】“這些區別”指的是什麼?短文第五段主題句説“But it isn’t all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and women on this basis.”即在此基礎上解釋兩性技能的區別並不是很容易的事。由此可見，“這些區別”指的是兩性技能。所以本題應選A。

64.D【解析】文章的結尾，作者説我們不知道學校學生的能力和大腦兩半球功能之間的確切關係;我們不懂大腦兩半球是如何通過cor-pus callosum相互作用的;間接地提出對於corpus callosum的影響，多作研究工作。所以本題應選D。

65.A【解析】文章的主要目的是什麼?短文介紹科學家在有關大腦結構方面的研究成果。B、C、D只是片面上的。所以本題應選A。