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法律英語翻譯學習

法律英語在英語中指表述法律科學概念以及訴訟或非訴訟法律事務時所用的語種或某一語種的部分用語。

法律英語翻譯學習

  法律英語特點

為了體現法律的嚴肅性和嚴密性,文體:

“莊重的(solemn)”:

“刻板的(rigid)”

通過詞彙和句法兩方面來入手,瞭解法律英語的特徵。

  法律文件用語

5個方面:使用正式的詞語;使用具有不同意義的常用詞;使用古英語和中古英語中常用擔當代很少使用的詞;使用外來詞語;使用法律術語和行話、套話。

  1.使用正式的詞語(Formal)

合同中的正式用語:

例1:使用prior代替before

From and after the date of this Agreement, Party A shall, and shall cause its affiliates and successors to, use the same efforts to maintain the confidentiality of any Confidential Information as Party A used to maintain the confidentiality of such information prior to the date hereof. (P.28)

自本協議之日起及其後,甲方應盡力並應促使其關聯公司或承繼人盡力對機密信息進行保密,一如其在本協議之日前為該等機密信息保密。

例2:使用subsequent代替after

No terms or provisions of this Agreement shall be varied or modified by anyprior or subsequent statement, conduct or act of either of the Parties, except that the Parties may amend this Agreement by written instruments referring to and executed in the same manner as this Agreement. (P.38)

任何一方均不得以先前或以後的聲明、舉動或行為修改或變更本協議的任何條款或規定,但雙方可以以本協議提及的和以本協議相同方法簽署的書面文件修改本協議。

例3:使用provided that代替but

Provided that the assignee agrees in writing to be bound by all the terms and conditions of this Agreement and provides documentation as evidence that the assignee has the ability and capability of meeting all of the obligations under this Agreement.

但受讓方須書面同意受本協議所有條款和條件的約束, 並提供文件證明受讓方有資格、有能力履行本協議項下的全部義務。

其他還有:construe(understand), deem(consider), operate, same, object to, whereas, without, prejudice等等。

宣誓書(affividat)的正式用語: being first duly sworn, depose and says; before me, a notary public。

例4: being first duly sworn:

I certify under penalty of perjury, or after first being duly sworn, that I have provided complete and accurate responses to the items on this application.

茲本人證明本申請內容準確,完善,如有不實,甘願嚴守誓言或當受偽證罪之罰。

判決書的正式用語: Now therefore, It is ordered, adjudged, and decreed 做出判決。

  2.使用具有不同意義的常用詞

action (訴訟)、alienation (轉讓)、 avoid (取消)、 consideration(對價)、 counterpart(有同等效力的副本)、 execute(簽署)、 hand(簽名)、 instrument(法律文件)、 negligence(過失)、 party(一方)、 prejudice(損害)、 presents(本法律文件)。said(上述,該)、 save(除了)、 serve(送達)。

例on (訴訟)

The Licensee will, at the request of the Licensor and at the Licensor’s expense, give full cooperation to the Licensor in any action or claim brought or threatened to be brought in respect of the Licensed Trademarks, including joining in as a party to any proceedings.

對於就受許可商標提起或擬將提起的訴訟或索賠,應許可方要求並由許可方支付費用,被許可方將給予充分合作,包括作為當事人參與任何訴訟。

例y(一方)、prejudice(損害)

The rights conferred upon the respective parties by the provisions of this Clause are additional to and do not prejudice any other rights the respective parties may have.

本款規定賦予各方的權利,是對各方可能享有的其他權利的補充,而不是損害。

  3.使用古英語和中古英語中常用擔當代很少使用的詞

古英語(Old English):公元約1100年前的英語

中古英語(Middle English): 公元約1100年至1500年間的英語

其在法律英語中的使用主要表現在以 here, there 和 where 與介詞合成的詞:

如:- hereafter, herein, hereof, hereto, heretofore, hereunder, herewith;

- thereafter, thereat, thereby, therefore, therefrom, therein, thereof, thereon, thereto, theretofore, thereunder, therewith;

- whereas, whereby, wherein, whereof

此外還有 aforesaid, forthwith 及作形容詞用的 said 和 such

例1:thereafter

This Agreement shall take effect on the Effective Date and shall continue for a period of ten (10) years. This Agreement shall be automatically renewed for one-year terms thereafter unless and until terminated by either Party hereto by giving six (6) months' written notice to the other.

本協議自生效日起生效,有效期為十(10)年。此後,除非一方提前六(6)個月向另一方發出終止本協議的書面通知,本協議逐年自動延長一(1)年。

例2:therewith

Licensor shall have the right but not the obligation to bring, at its own expense, an infringement action against any third party and use Licensee’s name in connection therewith and to name Licensee as a party thereto.

許可方有權利但無義務針對任何第三方提起侵權訴訟,並在訴訟中使用被許可方的名稱,以及指定被許可方為訴訟的當事人,訴訟費由許可方負擔。

  4.使用外來詞語

外來詞語是指拉丁語,有一些已經被吸收為英語

如:affidavit(宣誓書)、 alias(化名;別名)、 alibi(不在犯罪現場)

另外一些拉丁文有:

ad hoc(專門的;專門地)、 bona fide(真誠的,真誠地)、 de facto

(事實上的)、 in re(關於)、 inter alia(除了別的因素以外)、 mutatis

mutandis(在細節上作適當修正後)、 part passu(按相同比例)、 per se

(自身)、 pro bono(為了公益)、 pro rata(按比例)

例 fide(真誠的,真誠地)

We hereby engage with drawers and/or bona fide holder that drafts drawn and negotiated on presentation and that draft accepted within the terms of this credit will be duly honored at maturity.

茲對出票人及/或善意持票人保證,凡按本信用證開具及議付的'匯票一經提交即予承兑;凡依本證條款承兑之匯票,到期即予照付

  5.使用法律術語和行話、套話

比較常見的術語:

alibi(不在犯罪現場)、 appeal(上訴)、bail(保釋)、 burden of proof(舉證責任)、 cause of action(案由)、contributory negligence(與有過失)、 damages(損失賠償金)l defendant(被告)、 due diligence(審慎調查)、 felony(重罪)l negotiable instrument(流通票據)、 novation (更替)、 plaintiff (原告)、 prejudice (損害)

套話:and for no other purposes, shall not operate as a waiver, shall not be deemed a consent, including but not limited to, or other similar or dissimilar causes, without prejudice to, nothing contained herein shall

例1:without prejudice to

a) any liability of the Company to any form of taxation whether created or imposed in the PRC or any other part of the world and, without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, includes any tax computed on profits or income, any tax computed on capital assets, estate duty, profits tax, provisional profits tax, interest tax, death duty, gift duty, payroll tax withholding tax, rates, custom and excise duty, transfer tax, inheritance tax, stamp duty, capital duty, employment taxes, value added tax, and generally any tax, imposition, levy or rates or any amount payable to the revenue, customs or fiscal authorities in any part of the world;

公司須繳納的由中國或世界任何其他地區設置或徵收的任何形式的税收,在不損害前述一般性原則的情況下,包括按利潤或收入計徵的税款、按資本資產計徵的税款、財產遺產税、利潤税、臨時利潤税、利息税、遺產税、贈予税、工資預扣税、税率、關税和消費税、過户税、繼承税、印花税、資本税、就業税、增值税及一般應向世界上任何地區的税務、海關或財政機關繳納的任何税收、進口税、税款、税費或任何款額;

此外:名詞和代詞有單數和複數形式,又有性別之分,為了防止所涉及的條款出現片面性解釋,在合同的“定義和解釋”部分,通常都有這樣“以一概全”的固定句子

Words in the singular Include the plural and vice versa(包括複數詞的單數和反之亦然);

words used in the masculine gender include every gender(表示陽性的詞包含每一種性別)