2017大學聯考英語閲讀理解中“否定”的考查方式(附例題)

高中英語閲讀理解中有哪些常見的“否定”考查方式，每一種方式都如何應對?下面本站小編帶大家一起來看看詳細內容，希望對大家有所幫助!想了解更多相關信息請持續關注我們應屆畢業生考試網!

　　閲讀理解中常見的“否定”考查方式：

①形容詞和副詞，比如little，few，never，hardly，seldom等

②動詞，比如stop，avoid, fail等

③介詞，比如instead of， rather than，too…to…, from，without等

　　例題1 2016年北京卷C篇

65. According to Paragraph 5, lead poisoning _____.

A. makes condors too nervous to fly

B. has little effect on condors’ kidneys

C. can hardly be gotten rid of from condors’ blood

D. makes it different for condors to produce baby birds

【第五段】Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(腎) failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5. 4% in 2011.

這道題前3個選項都涉及到“否定”的含義，比如A項中…，B項中little，C項中hardly。A項意義“使禿鷲太緊張而無法飛行”，B項意義“對禿鷲的腎幾乎沒有影響”，C項意義“幾乎不能從禿鷲的血液中清除掉”，D項意義“對禿鷲繁殖產生影響”。按照優能一對一課堂上，我們所講的細節題的解題方法可知，先找出關鍵詞，然後回原位定位，進行信息比較。原文中nervous所在的位置，提到nervous system，A項與之無關，排除。原文中kidney所在的位置，提到kidney failure，即腎衰，也就是鉛中毒會引起腎衰，B項相反，排除。原文blood所在的位置，提到remove lead from blood，即從血液中清除，C項相反，排除。原文baby birds所在的位置，提到This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds，即這(鉛中毒)影響他們的神經系統和繁殖能力，所以與D項含義相同，D項是正確答案。

　　例題2 2015年北京卷C篇

65. One way for an animal to become transparent is to _____.

A. change the direction of light travel

B. gather materials to scatter light.

C. avoid the absorption of light

D. grow bigger to stop light.

【第五段】To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light. Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments(色素)that absorb specific colors of light. But a transparent animal doesn’t have pigments, so its tissues won’t absorb light. According to Johnsen, avoiding absorption is actually easy. The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.

根據題幹中的`“to become transparent”作為關鍵信息詞，定位至第五段中的首句，To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light。 在這句話中出現了keep…from這個結構，表示阻止……去做某事，或者使……不去做某事。因此這句話含義為為了變成透明的，一個動物需要阻止它的身體吸收或者散射光線。選項C中avoid the absorption of light，意思是避免吸收光線，也就是不去吸收光線的意思。C項與原文含義相同，是正確答案。

　　例題3 2014年北京卷C篇

65. According to the writer, which of the following statements is a good goal?

A. “I’ll give up desert.”

B. “I’ll study harder.”

C. “I’ll cut down my expense”

D. “I’ll spend more time with my family”

【A項原文】Instead of resolving to lose weight, try an actionable resolution: “I’ll stop having desert for lunch,” or “I’ll walk every day for 20 minutes.”

【B項原文】Fryer’s conclusion was that the intensives for inputs might be more effective because do not know how to do better on exam, aside from general rules like “study harder.”

【C項原文】If you want to cut down on your spending, a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a cafe, for example.

【D項原文】Similarly, if you want to spend more time with your family, don’t stop with this general wish. Think bout an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to, like a family movie night every Wednesday.

A項原文中含有instead of表示否定，意義是不是決心減肥，而是嘗試一種可行的決定“我不再以甜食作為午餐”或者“每天走20分鐘”，可知A項被評價為可行的，所以是正確答案。

B項原文中含有aside from表示除了，意義是弗萊爾的結論是對於輸入的激勵更加有效，因為學生不知道如何考出考成績，除了泛泛的規則“努力學習”，可知B想被評價為泛泛的，所以錯誤。

C項原文中含有instead of表示否定，意義是如果你想減少開支，好的目標應該是在家煮咖啡而不是去咖啡館，可知C項不是好目標，所以錯誤。

D項原文中含有don’t 表示否定，意義是相似的，如果你想花更多時間陪伴家人，不要止於這個大概的想法。考慮一個可行的你可以採用並且堅持的習慣，比如每週三晚上家庭電影。可知D項是個大概的想法，所以錯誤。