where定語從句與狀語從句的區別

　　先請看下列幾道大學聯考試題:

1. The famous scientist grew up ____ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.(2002年春季大學聯考上海)

A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever

2. He's got him self into a dangerous situation ____ he is likely to lose control over the plane.(2001年上海)

A. where B. which C. while D. why

3. She found her calculator ____ she lost it.(2000年上海)

A. where B. when C. in which D. that

4. You should m ake it a rule to leave things ____ you can find them again.(NMET99)

A. when B. where C. then D. there

5. After the war, a new school building was put up ____ there had once been a theatre.(NMET97)

A. that B. where C. which D. when

6. After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the sm all town ____ he grew up as a child.(NMET96)

A. which B. where C. that D. when

7. When you read the book, you'd better make a mark ____ you have any questions.(MET86)

A. at which B. at where C. the place where D. where

8. I can still rem em ber the sitting-room ____ my m other and I used to sit in the evening.(MET86)

A. what B. which C. that D. where

不難看出,上述試題都考查where引導的定語從句與狀語從句。在第2, 6, 8題中, where引導的是定語從句,答案分別是A, B和D。在第1, 3, 4, 5, 7題中, where引導的是地點狀語從句,答案分別是C, A, B, B和D。那麼,如何區別where引導的定語從句與狀語從句呢?筆者認為,可從以下幾個方面加以區別。

　　一、where引導定語從句時, where是關係副詞,在從句中作地點狀語,其前面有表示地點的先行詞, where引導的從句修飾先行詞。例如:

The bookshop where I bought this book is not far from here.我買這本書的那個書店離這裏不遠。

This is the house where I lived two years ago.這就是我兩年前住的那個房子。 We will start at the point where we left off.我們將從上次停下來的地方開始。

　　二、where引導狀語從句時, where是從屬連詞, where引導的`從句修飾主句的謂語動詞, where前面沒有表示地點的先行詞。例如:

Wuhan lies where the Changjiang River and the Han Jiang River meet.武漢位於長江和漢江匯合處。

Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions.在有疑問的地方做一個記號。 I found my books where I had left them.我在我原來放書的地方找到了我的書。 有時, where引導的地點狀語從句兼有抽象條件含義,可放在主句的前面,而where引導的定語從句則不能。例如:

Where there is a will, there is a way.[諺語]有志者事竟成。

Where there is water, there is life.有水的地方就有生命。

　　三、在有些情況下, where引導的定語從句可轉換為where引導的地點狀語從句。例如:

A tall building was put up at the place where there used to be a desert.(=A tall building was put up where there used to be a desert.)在以前曾是沙漠的地方蓋起了一幢高樓。

Bam boo grows best in places where it is warm and where it rains often.(=Bamboo grows best where it is warm and where it rains often.)温暖而多雨的地方最適合於竹子生長。