主語定語從句的例句
主語從句與先行it,主語從句可以按其引導詞進行分類。如下是小編給大家整理的主語定語從句的例句,希望對大家有所作用。
第一類,用從屬連詞that引導的主語從句,例如:
That we shall be late is certain.
That the driver could not control his car was obvious.
這種結構主要是對that從句的內容進行強調,屬正式文體,連詞that不可以省略;但是在一般情況下,往往使用先行it結構,即用it作形式主語,而把that從句放到後面,這時,在口語中,連詞that有時則可以省略。所以上述兩句可以改為:
It is certain that we shall be late.
It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.
如果整個句子是疑問形式,就只能用先行it結構,例如:
Is it true that he would take the risk?
Is it possible that they will come tomorrow?
常使用先行it結構,用that從句作主語的句子有下列幾個句型:
1、It + be + 形容詞 + that從句:
It is clear that he was telling the truth.
It’s probable that we’ll be a little late.
2、It + be + 名詞詞組 + that從句:
It’s a pity that you can’t go with us.
3、It + 及物動詞 + 賓語 + that從句:
It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey.
It shocked me that Peter didn’t tell anybody where he was.
4、It + be + 過去分詞 + that從句:
It is said that he has been there many times.
5、It + seem/happen/appear等不及物動詞 + that從句:
It seems that he has lost something.
注意:
在上述第1和第2兩種句型中,that從句前置與使用先行it,that從句後置在意義上沒有什麼差異;但使用先行it結構較為常見。
在第3種句型中,that從句前置在語法上是可能的`,但實際上並不常見,通常總是使用先行it結構 .
第4種句型實質上是被動結構,由於that從句不可以位於句首作被動句的主語,所以只能使用先行it結構。
第5種句型已經形成了固定的搭配關係,that從句不能前置,只能使用先行it結構,不過,這種結構可以轉換為帶有不定式的簡單句,例如:
It happened that I had no money with me that day.
→ I happened to have no money with me that day.
第二類,用連接代詞who、whose、which、what,連接副詞when、where、how、why,以及連詞whether(或if)引導的主語從句,例如:
Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.
→ It is not yet clear who was responsible for the accident.
What he did is not yet known.
→ It is not yet known what he did.
Whether it is true remains a problem.
→ It remains a problem whether / if it is true.
從以上例句可以看出,這類主語從句可以直接放在句首作主語,也可以使用先行it結構,把主語從句放在後面,兩種結構可以互換,意義上無差異,但用if 引導主語從句時,只能採取先行it結構,也就是説if不可以引導置於句首的主語從句。
第三類,用what、whatever、where、wherever、whoever、whichever等代詞引導的主語從句,例如:
What he said at the meeting encouraged everyone.
Whoever fails to see this will make a big blunder.
這類從句一般相當於帶有定語從句所修飾的名詞詞組,即在結構上相當於一個名詞加上一個定語從句,例如:
What he wants to buy is a ten-speed bicycle.
→ The thing that he wants to buy is a ten-speed bicycle.
Whoever breaks the law is sure to be punished.
→ Anyone who breaks the law is sure to be punished.
切記,這類主語從句不可以使用先行it結構。
上述第二類主語從句與第三類主語從句儘管在形式上十分相似,但實際上是不同的。第二類結構中用連接代/副詞引導的從句系由特殊疑問句轉化而來,以whether/if引導的從句系由一般疑問句轉化而來,自然含有疑問的意味,例如:
When they will have the sports meet is still a question.
→ When will they have the sports meet?
Who he is doesn’t concern me.
→ Who is he?
Whether he will join us won’t make too much difference.
→ Will he join us?
而第三類結構中的主語從句則沒有疑問的意味。
試比較下列各句:
① What caused the accident is a complete mystery.
② What caused the accident was a broken bottle.
③ What she looks like doesn’t matter.
④ What she’d like is a digital watch.
上述各句中儘管都有一個以what引導的主語從句,但其意義不盡相同;第①和③句中的主語從句系由“What caused the accident?”和“What does she look like?”轉化而來,所以可以改成:
It is a complete mystery what caused the accident.
It doesn’t matter what she looks like.
第②④句中的主語從句含義分別為“The thing that caused the accident”和“The thing which she’d like”,所以不含疑問意味,因此不可以説:
It was a broken bottle what caused the accident.
It is a digital watch what she’d like.
但是可以説:
It was a broken bottle that caused the accident.
It is a digital watch that she’d like.
不過,這已不是主語從句,而是強調結構了。
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