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英語輔導:文書寫作中應注意的無性別區分詞彙

校園4.97K

很多人認為,使用沒有性別區分的語言對於商務合同文書寫作來説似乎是沒有必要的,但是如果一概使用男性化的代名詞則會帶來很多麻煩,文書寫作中應注意的無性別區分詞彙。

英語輔導:文書寫作中應注意的無性別區分詞彙

基於經驗得來的重要方法就是避免使用具有性別特徵的用語;只是在必須使用名詞才能完成句子的情況下,可以使用"他或她"("he or she")作為替代。多數情況下可以重寫一個句子避免使用具有性別特徵的名詞。下面將介紹三種方法。第一種是最理想的。不要使用“他們”代替他和她,“他們”應該只是在指稱複數的.情況下才使用。這裏的每一個規則都提供了一個避免使用具有性別特徵用語的方法。

 1、重寫一個句子避免使用任何名詞。通常可以用"the" 或"a"代替該名詞。

Incorrect: A good judge takes their job very seriously.

Undesirable:A good judge takes his or her job very seriously.

Better: A good judge takes the job very seriously.

A good judge takes judging very seriously.

Incorrect: A defendant should not be required to sacrifice their constitutional right to a fair trial for the sole benefit of allowing televised coverage of their trial.

Better: A defendant should not be required to sacrifice his or her constitutional right to a fair trial for the sole benefit of allowing televised coverage of his or her trial.

Best: A defendant should not be required to sacrifice the constitutional right to a fair trial for the sole benefit of allowing televised coverage of the trial.

 2、如果必要的話,使用"one"代替"he or she"或"his or her"。但是,如果可能的話,也應該避免使用這一表達,因為"one"這個詞用起來並不容易。

不理想的:

A person who masters the basic rules of grammar, punctuation, and good writing is likely to impress his or her supervisors.

較理想的:

One who masters the basic rules of grammar, punctuation, and good writing is likely to impress one’’s supervisors.

 3、如果必要的話,將主語由單數改為複數。如果你所指的並非一個明確的個體而是一類個體,你可以使用一個複數的主語,這樣就可以避免使用具有性別特徵的名詞,同時還可以避免不正確地使用“他們”("their")這個名詞。

Incorrect: A teacher must communicate clearly with their students.

Also Incorrect: A teacher must communicate clearly with her students.

Better: A teacher must communicate clearly with his or her students.

Best: Teachers must communicate clearly with their students.

4、避免使用"s/he"作為名詞正確的替代。有人提議採用"s/he"代替"he or she.",但是"s/he"並非一個單詞,而且也不容易讀。(能將之讀為"she"或"s 斜線he"嗎?哪個讀音可取?)

Incorrect: The successful lawyer will shepardize all cases cited in a memo. S/he also will avoid quoting from headnotes.

Correct: Successful lawyers will shepardize all cases cited in a memo. They also will avoid quoting from headnotes.

 5、如果可能的話,避免使用具有性別特徵的名稱

差的選擇

Chairman

Congressman

Policeman

Stewardess, Steward

較好的選擇

Chair, chairperson, leader

Member of Congress, Representative

Officer, police officer, police official

Flight attendant

6、正確使用"Ms." 和 "Mrs."。如果你知道一個人將自己稱作"Mrs." 或"Miss,",你應該尊重別人的這種稱呼。但是,如果你不知道該人的偏好,則你應使用"Ms."。不應該要求女性通過對"Mrs." 或"Miss,"的使用表明自己的婚否。同樣,使用"Mr."指稱一位男性時也並不表明他的婚否。雖然"Ms."實際上並非一個較長術語的縮寫,但是人們已經接受了在這個術語後面加一個點。

不好的:

Mrs. Hillary Clinton; Mrs. Clinton; Ms. Clinton

更不好的:

Mrs. William J. Clinton

較好的表達:

Hillary Rodham Clinton; Ms. Hillary Rodham Clinton; Ms. Rodham Clinton

 7 正確使用姓氏。如果一位女性選擇使用她的婚前姓氏而不是婚後姓氏,或者同時使用她的婚前姓氏和婚後姓氏(不管有無連字符),你應該尊重她的這種稱呼。同時,如果一個人使用了包含父母姓氏的複姓,則你應該尊重她的這種稱呼。