介詞定語從句
定語從句由關係詞(關係代詞、關係副詞)引導,關係代詞、關係副詞位於定語從句句首。下面是小編為大家帶來的介詞定語從句!
一、“介詞+關係代詞”的用法
當關系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時,我們通常用“介詞+關係代詞”引導定語從句。如果指“人”,用“介詞+whom”;如果指“物”,用“介詞+which”。例如:
Do you know the lady with whom our manager is talking in the office?
Where is the supermarket in which you bought the laptop last week?
使用“介詞+關係代詞”要注意以下幾點:
(一)選用介詞的依據:
(1) 根據定語從句中謂語動詞的'搭配習慣(即固定短語)。例如:
Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.
(2) 根據先行詞的搭配習慣(約定俗成,不一定是短語)。例如:
The old woman with whom you talked just now is a famous artist.
(3) 根據句子的意思來選擇。例如:
The naughty boy made a hole in the wall through which he could see what is happening outside.
(4) 表示“所有”關係或“整體中的一部分”時,通常用介詞of。例如:
I have about 20 books, half of which were written by Bing Xin, the famous writer.
(二)在定語從句中,含介詞的短語動詞不可拆開使用(短語拆開後含義發生變化),如look after, look for等。例如:
The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正)
The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(誤)
(三)“of which / whom”有時可以用“whose+名詞”結構來改寫。例如:
The building whose roof was damaged in the earthquake has been repaired.
=The building of which the roof was damaged in the earthquake has been repaired.
(四)當先行詞為way並且定語從句中缺少狀語時,通常用in which或that引導定語從句(in which或that可省略);如果定語從句中不缺少狀語,則用關係代詞引導(that 或which 可省略)。例如:
All of us disliked the way(in which / that)Tom settled the maths problem.
I don’t understand the way(that/which)the teacher explained to me.
(五)in that不可以引導定語從句,但可以引導原因狀語從句。例如:
She didn’t attend the meeting in that / because she was seriously ill.
二、“介詞+關係代詞”與關係副詞的轉化
(1)當先行詞表示地點,定語從句中缺少地點狀語時,通常用關係副詞where引導,此時也可選用表示地點的介詞+which來代替關係副詞where。例如:
I visited the village where many children couldn’t go to school because of poverty.
=I visited the village in which many children couldn’t go to school because of poverty.
(2) 當先行詞表示時間,定語從句中缺少時間狀語時,通常用關係副詞when引導,此時也可選用表示時間的介詞+which來代替關係副詞when。例如:
We’d better fix a date when we will practice speaking English next week.
=We’d better fix a date on which we will practice speaking English next week.
(3) 當先行詞為reason,定語從句中缺少表示原因狀語時,通常用關係副詞why引導,此時也可以用for which來代替關係副詞why。例如:
Can you tell me the reason why you were late for school?
=Can you tell me the reason for which you were late for school?
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