賓語從句的英語定義是什麼

賓語從句，是名詞性從句的一種。在主從複合句中充當賓語，位於及物動詞、介詞或複合謂語之後的從句稱為賓語從句。下面是本站小編給大家整理的賓語從句的簡介，希望能幫到大家!

　　賓語從句的定義

賓語從句分為三類：動詞的賓語從句，介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句。

置於動詞、介詞等詞性後面起賓語作用的從句叫賓語從句。賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序。謂語動詞、介詞、動詞不定式，v.-ing形式後面都能帶賓語從句。有些形容詞(afraid,sure,glad等)之後也可以帶賓語從句。

　　賓語從句意義

語法是語言的組織規律，任何人在使用語言時，不管他是否學過語法，都須合乎語法。另外，總結語法本身的規律也能加深我們對語言的理解，讓我們能夠真正熟練地運用語言。(賓語：指一個動作(動詞)的接受者，常置於動詞之後，也有雙賓語結構例句：he gave me a book，類似擁有me和book兩個賓語的句子叫雙賓語從句)，在複合句中，由一個句子充當賓語，這個句子就叫做賓語從句。

　　賓語從句特點

賓語從句可以作及物動詞、介詞及形容詞的賓語。

賓語從句的語序一律用陳述句語序。

連接詞that引導賓語從句在句中無詞義，不充當句子成分，多數情況下可以省略。

whether 和 if 都可引導賓語從句，但 whether後可緊跟or not;whether從句可作介詞的賓語。

如果從句太長，可以用形式賓語it.

補充：賓語從句在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句.

分類：賓語從句分為三類:

(1)動詞的賓語從句,介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句.時態：1·主句用一般現在時，從句可用任意時。 2·主句用過去時，從句用過去某個時態。 3·主句用過去時，從句是真理時，只用一般現在時。

(2)賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if,引導表示陳述句的賓語從句,而if和whether引導表示“是否”的賓語從句.

He told that he would go to the college the next year他告訴我他下一年上大學.

I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否還會有公交車.

Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.沒人知道他是否會通過考試.

連接代詞連接代詞主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.連接代詞一般指疑問,但what, whatever除了指疑問外,也可以指陳述.

Do you know who has won this game?你知道誰贏了這一局遊戲嗎?

I don’t know whom you should depend on.我不知道你該依靠誰.

The book will show you what the best CEOs know.這本書會告訴你最好的執行總裁該瞭解些什麼.

Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎?

連接副詞連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.

He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.他沒有告訴我什麼時候我們能再見面.

Could you please tell me how you read the new panel?你能展示給我怎麼用這個新的操作盤嗎?

None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪裏買到.

(3)動詞的賓語從句大多數動詞都可以帶賓語從句

We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.我們都預料他們會贏,因為他們的隊員更強壯.

He told us that they would help us through the whole work.他告訴我們在整個工作中,他都會幫忙的.

部分“動詞+副詞”結構也可以帶賓語從句

I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我發現這場音樂會的所有票都賣光了.

Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?你能計算出這次旅行我們將花費多少錢嗎?

動詞短語也可以帶賓語從句常見的這些詞有:make sure確保 make up one’s mind下決心 keep in mind牢記

Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交試卷前確保沒有任何錯誤.

可運用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句

①動詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等後面有賓語補足語的時候,則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句後置.

I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我認為每天多喝開水是有必要的.

I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.我沒去聚會,感覺非常遺憾.

I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天寫日記成了習慣.

We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 我們都認為對這件事馬上做出決定很重要.

②有些動詞帶賓語從句時需要在賓語與從句前加it這類動詞主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.

I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時説話.

He will have it that our plan is really practical.他會認為我們的計劃確實可行.

We take it that you will agree with us.我們認為你會同意我們的.

When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.開啟發動機時, 一定要使汽車的離合器處於空擋位置.

③若賓語從句是wh-類,則不可用it代替

We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我們都認為你所説的是不可信的.

We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我們發現我們所學到的東西都是有用的.

3.介詞的賓語從句用wh-類的介詞賓語從句

We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我們正在討論是否讓學生加入我們的俱樂部.

The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.這本新書是關於神州6號載人航天飛船是如何升如太空的.

用that,if引導的介詞賓語從句有時候except,but,besides三個介詞後可見到that引導的賓語從句

I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.對於我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一無所知.

4.形容詞的賓語從句常用來引導賓語從句的形容詞有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedI am sure

I will pass the exam.我確信我會通過考試.

I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我這麼長時間在打擾你.

He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高興在他生病的時候李明能去看望他.

,whether在賓語從句中的區別

①if和whether在作“是否”解時,引導賓語從句常放在動詞know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之後,介詞後一般不用if

②少數動詞,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt後的賓語從句常用whether.

③whether後可以加or not,但是if不可以.

④在不定式前只能用whether.如： I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能決定是否留下。

⑤避免歧異時,我們常用whether而不用if.

6.哪些賓語從句不可以省略引導詞that當that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動詞的賓語時;當賓語從句較長時;當主語狀語置於主句尾,賓語從句之前時;當主語謂語動詞(包括非謂語動詞)與賓語從句之間有插入語時;當一個動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時,此時第一個that可以省略,第二個that不可以省略;當賓語從句中的主語是this,that或this,that做主語的定語時;當賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時;當賓語從句的主語是非謂語動詞或主語從句時;當主語中的謂語動詞是固定詞組時;當賓語從句有it做其先行詞時;在直接引語中,轉述分句把賓語從句隔開時

賓語從句的否定轉移主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,並且主句的'主語是第一人稱而且為一般現在時,從句的否定詞一般要轉移到主句上來,其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致.

I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能説成I think he won’t come to my party.我認為他不會來我的舞會.

I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?我認為那個人不是Jim所殺的,是不是?如果賓語從句中有某個含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞,其反義疑問句要用肯定形式.

We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?我們發現他從來不仔細聽老師講課,是不是?

賓語從句的時態和語序當主句為現在時或將來時的時候,賓語從句的時態一般不受主句的時態所影響.當主句為過去時的時候

①從句用一般過去時或過去進行時表示與主句謂語動詞動作同時發生

I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know what country he was in.我只知道他當時在西方的一個國家讀書,可不知道是哪個國家.

He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.他問我他進來的時候我是否正在讀<老人與海>.

②從句過去完成時表示該動作發生在主句謂語動作之前

He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.他告訴我他已經把有關會議的事情告訴的了Mary.

③從句謂語用過去將來時表示該動作發生在主句謂語動作之後

The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.記者問政府是否會採取必要的措施鎮壓騷亂.

如果從句是一個客觀真理,那麼從句的時候不根據主句的時態而變化

The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.老師昨天説月亮繞着地球轉.

當賓語從句的引導詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問時,不能按正常語序安排,經常將這類引導詞置於句首

Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?你認為今年公眾會選誰為他們最喜歡的歌手

賓語從句，即：在主句中擔當賓語的從句。學習賓語從句要抓住三要素：連接詞、語序和時態。 連接詞一般都是that(指事務或人),which(指事),who(指人)

1.從句為陳述句，常選擇連接詞that或將that省略，直接與主句相連。

2.從句為一般疑問句，常選擇連接詞if或whether。在whether…ornot結構中不能用if替換。

3.從句為特殊疑問句，常選擇what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑問代、副詞作連接詞。

注意：當who為主語時，句式為：who+謂語+其他三：判斷時態情況：

1。主句是一般現在時，從句為各種時態情況

2。主句是一般過去時，從句為各種相應過去時態注意：從句描繪客觀事實，用一般現在時

1. The teacher told the children that the sun____ round. 【A. was B. is C. were D. are】

2. I believe that our team____ the basketball match.【 A. win B. won C. will win D. wins 】

3. I don’t know____ to visit the old man. 【A. whether B. if C. that D. who】 The soldiers soon reached( )was once an old temple( )the villagers used as a school. 【h;where ;which e;which ;where】

答：選B，動詞reach後接賓語從句，從句缺少賓語，where不可，which引導賓語從句時表疑問含義“哪一個…”而此句中並非疑問含義，不知道哪一座廟宇，而是用what從句表陳述含義，意“過去的一座舊廟宇”;temple後為對其修飾的定語從句，用關係代詞which代替，並在從句中作動詞used的賓語，use sth. as…“把…用作…whether + or not 賓語從句，在複合句中作賓語，位於及物動詞後;

eg. Tell him which class you are in . Do you know what he likes?

注：(1)主、從句時態一致： 主句謂語過去時，從句相應過去時; He answered that he was listening to me. 主句謂語現在時，從句時態任所需;

eg. He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk. They know (that) he is working hard. 具體過去永不變，真理格言現在時;

eg. He told me that he was born in 1980. Father told me that practice makes perfect .

(2)否定前移，及完成反意問句; 在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等動詞後跟賓語從句否定式時，應轉移到主句上去，完成反意問句時，應與從句主、謂保持一致。(注: 否定前移的條件是，主句主語是第一人稱)

eg. I don't think you are right ,are you ? I don't believe they have finished their work yet,have they ?

(3)在表示建議 suggest , advise 要求demand 、desire、require、request、propose; 決定 decide; 命令 order、command; 堅決主張 insist; 等動詞後跟賓語從句，用(should)+v.(虛擬語氣)

eg. I suggested that you(should)study hard. He ordered that we should go out at once.

(4)如果賓語從句後有賓語補語，用it作形式賓語，把賓語從句後置

may think it strange that he would live there.

(5)賓語從句that常可省略，但在以下情況下不能省略

A.當主句謂語動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時，可以省略第一個that，其他不能省略。

eg.I believe(that)you have done your best and that things will get bet?.

B.當it作形式賓語時

made it clear that she had nothing to do with him.