賓語從句和定語從句的區別

英語中，賓語從句，定語從句一直是一個比較難區分的英語語法。下面就跟着小編一起來看看吧。

　　賓語從句

(一) 賓語從句在複合句中作主句的賓語.賓語從句常由that引導,在口語中常省略.當主句中謂語動詞是現在或將來時態時,從句中謂語動詞不受主句中謂語動詞時態的 影響,按需要可以使用任何時態.如：She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.她説她從週一至週五上班.(從句是一般現在時) She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.她説她要在他桌子上留個便條.(從句是一般將來時) She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei.她説她從來沒有去過峨眉山.(從句是現在完成時) 當主句謂語是過去時態,從句中的時態一般用表示過去的某種時態.如：He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.他説昨天下午沒有課.(從句是一般過去時) He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby.他説他會去照看這個嬰兒.(從句是過去將來時) He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time.他説他們那時正在開會.(從句是過去進行時) *當主句謂語是過去時態,而賓語從句敍述某一客觀真理(事實)時,賓語從句的時態則用一般現在時.如：The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.老師告訴我們世上無難事只怕有心人 said (that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her.她説她父親比她大二十八歲 said that light travels much faster than sound.他説光傳播比聲音傳播快得多.

(二) 由連接代詞或連接副詞引導的賓語從句.引出名詞性從句的.連詞whether和if,在引出賓語從句時,用法和意義相同.但是隻能引出賓語從句和不在句首的主語從句,而whether除了引出賓語從句外,還可引出主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句.例如：We don't know whether (if) it is right.我們不知道它是否正確 question is whether she should do that.問題在於她是否應該做那件事her it is true remains a question.是真是假還是個問題.試比較：當if從句處在主句之後作“是否”講時,引出的是賓語從句.例如：I don't know if it is true.我不知道這事是否真實.當if從句在主句之前作“如果”講,則引出狀語從句.例如：I shall go there if I have time.如果我有時間,我將到那兒去.

　　定語從句

(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定語,修飾一個名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞.定語從句通常出現在先行詞之後,由關係詞(關係代詞或關係副詞)引出.

關係代詞有：who,whom,whose,that,which等.

關係副詞有：when,where,why等.

關係代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,並在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分.關係代詞在定語從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致.

1)who,whom,that

這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是你想見的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

他就是我昨天見的那個人.(whom/that在從句中作賓語)

2) Whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語,若指物,它還可以同of which互換),例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙.

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.請遞給我那本綠皮的書.

3)which,that

它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.農村出現了前所未有的繁榮.(which / that在句中作主語)

The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了.(which / that在句中作賓語)

關係副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語.

1)when,where,why

關係副詞when,where,why的含義相當於"介詞+ which"結構,因此常常和"介詞+ which"結構交替使用,例如：

There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時候.

Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地.

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?

2)that代替關係副詞

that可以用於表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞後取代when,where,why和"介詞+ which"引導的定語從句,在口語中that常被省略,例如：

His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了.

He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方.