高中英語詞彙
詞彙,是一種語言裏所有的詞和固定短語的總和。小編整理的高中英語詞彙,供參考!
吸引閲卷老師的那些高中英語作文高級詞彙
【原則一:晚詞優先】
老師偏愛“學得晚”的單詞,因為使用學得比較晚的單詞,可以體現一個人“學以致用”的意識。如果一個意思既可以用國中單詞來表達,又可以用高二、高三單詞來表達,那儘量選擇高二、高三的單詞,如:
(1)Adj.困難的
黯然低分詞:difficult
閃光高分詞:challenging 有挑戰性的
(2)Adj.重要的
黯然低分詞:important
閃光高分詞:vital 至關重要的;essential 必不可少的;significant 有重要意義的;
(3)Adj.美麗的
黯然低分詞:beautiful
閃光高分詞:appealing動人的;attractive 吸引人的;charming迷人的;fascinating 迷人的
注:以上五個詞既能修飾人,又能修飾物,非常好用,務必記熟!
【原則二:短語優先】
在閲卷老師看來,活用短語是一個考生能力的體現。因此,我們可以掌握一些將某些常見單詞轉化為短語的用法,如:
(4)v. 參加
黯然低分詞:join
閃光高分詞:take part in
(5)v. 使用
黯然低分詞:use
閃光高分詞:make good use of
(6)v. 拜訪
黯然低分詞:visit
閃光高分詞:pay a visit to
【原則三:“具體化”單詞優先】
請先對比以下幾組句子:
【例句1】I go to school everyday.
【例句2】I ride to school everyday.
在課堂上,筆者經常以這兩個句子為例,講解“具體化”的重要性。很多同學都能感覺到例句2要比例句1好。究其原因,是例句2中的rode比例句1中的went更加具體:went只表達了“去”的意思,而rode不但表達出“去”的意思,還能表達出具體的交通方式。也就是説,例句2表達的信息量比例句1更加豐富。
再如:
【例句3】Mr Wang is a good teacher.
【例句4】Mr Wang is a kind, patient and knowledgeable teacher.
例句3只表達出Mr Wang是一個“好”老師,而到底“好”在哪些方面,卻沒有具體説清楚;例句4則清楚地告訴讀者,Mr Wang好在三個方面:和藹(kind)、耐心(patient)以及知識豐富(knowledgeable)。
因此,我們必須學會換用更為具體的單詞表達我們的思想,如:
(8)adj. 學習
黯然低分詞:learn
閃光高分詞:research研究;pick up偶然學到,順便學到,輕鬆學到;master掌握
(9)n. 好老師
黯然低分詞:a good teacher
閃光高分詞:a kind, patient and knowledgeable English teacher一個善良、耐心、博學的老師
當然,除了替換某些表意抽象的單詞,我們還可以通過增加細節成分,使表達更為具體,如,例句2可以加上同伴、心情等信息,進一步改寫成:
【例句5】I,together with Tom and Jerry, rode to the Zhongshan park yesterday,feeling rather excited.
同樣的,例句4也可以加上一個定語從句,寫出Mr Wang到底擅長哪些事情,如:
【例句6】Mr Wang is a kind, patient and knowledgeable teacher who knows how to enlighten us students.
可以看到,例句5和例句6兩個句子採用“具體化”的手段,將原本毫無生氣的句子頓時變得生動形象了。
綜上所述,想讓你的表達“具體化”,一共有兩種常用方法,其一,是換掉某些表意不明確的單詞,換上表意更加明確具體的單詞;其二,是在句中適當增加細節成分。“具體化”的好處,是讓句子的含義更加豐富,讓讀者更容易由句子展開豐富的聯想,隨着作者一起經歷、一起思考、一起感動。在平時的學習、訓練中,與其生硬地使用超綱詞彙,不如好好熟悉大綱單詞,用好“具體化”的兩種方法,為你的作文增光添彩。
事實上,“具體化”在漢語寫作中也有同樣的體現。比如,要表達“惜別”的感情,光説“再見”是不夠的,應該像詩人那樣,用具體化的細節帶動感情,寫出夢幻般的文字:“讓我與你握別/ 再輕輕抽出我的手/ 知道思念從此生根/ 浮雲白日/ 山川莊嚴温柔...”
這就是“具體化”的作用,你體會到了嗎?
【原則四:大綱詞彙的衍生詞優先】
在高中英語中,我們已經涉及到了詞根詞綴的知識。運用這些知識,可以將很多高中詞彙衍生為四六級詞彙甚至託福、雅思詞彙。如果能夠熟練使用一兩個這種詞彙,你的作文肯定“碉堡了”!
舉例如下,看看箭頭後面的替換詞都是由哪些單詞變來的?
(10)adj. 當然地
黯然低分詞:certainly
閃光高分詞:obviously 明顯地;undoubtedly 毫無疑問地;evidently顯然地;
(11)adj. 不開心的
黯然低分詞:sad
閃光高分詞:discouraged氣餒的.;depressed沮喪的;downhearted垂頭喪氣的;low-spirited意志消沉的。
高中英語重點詞語辨析彙總
se / charge
accuse 和charge都有“指責,控告”之意,有時可通用,但結構不一樣。accuse不一定針對重大過失或罪行,其結構為accuse sb of sth。而charge一般用於重大過失或罪行,其結構為charge sb with sth,此結構還有“使某人負有……責任”之意。例如:
例1:My father accused me of my being too careless. (父親責備我太粗心。)
例2:He accused me of neglecting my duty. (他指控我玩忽職守。)
例3:He charged me with neglecting my duty. (同上)
例4:Jimmy was charged with murder. (吉米被控謀殺。)
例5:He was charged with an important task. (他擔負有一項重要任務。)
/ add to / add up / add up to
add:增加,把……加上。add…to…:把……加到。例如:
例6:At the end of the party, we added another program.
例7:You needn’t add any water to the medicine.
add to:增添。指增添喜悦、悲傷、麻煩等。例如:
例8:His coming added to our trouble. (他的到來給我們添了麻煩。)
add up:加起來。例如:
例9:Have you added up all the numbers?
add up to:總計。表示加起來的結果,無被動結構。例如:
例10:All the numbers added up to 100.
se / suggest
advise:建議,勸説。例如:
例11:I advised (his) trying again. (= suggest)
例12:I advised that we (should) try again. (= suggest,虛擬語氣。)
例13:I advised him to give up smoking.
例14:I advised him not to smoke.
例15:Could you advise us on how to learn English?
例16:Could you give us some advice on how to learn English?
suggest:建議,表明,暗示。例如:
例17:We suggest having a meeting at once. (= advise)
例18:We suggest that a meeting (should) be held at once. (= advise,虛擬語氣。)
例19:His pale face suggests that he is in poor health. (他那蒼白的臉色表明他身體欠佳。)
e with / agree to / agree on
agree with:同意,贊成(後接“人”或what從句作賓語);適合,適應;一致。例如:
例20:I don’t quite agree with you.
例21:Nobody agreed with what he had said at the meeting.
例22:The weather here doesn’t agree with most of us. (這裏的天氣我們多數人不適應。)
例23:Your words do not agree with your actions. (你的言行不一。)
agree to:同意,贊成。指一方同意另一方的意見、建議、觀點、想法等。例如:
例24:John can’t agree to Joe’s idea.
agree on:對……達成共識。指雙方或多方對某事取得一致意見。例如:
例25:Finally John and Joe agreed on the plan.
w / permit / let / promise
allow:允許,許可。指聽任或默許,也可用來表示客氣的請求。例如:
例26:Who allowed you to leave the camp?
例27:Smoking is not allowed here.
例28:Please allow me to introduce myself to you.
permit:允許,許可。通常指正式的許可。例如:
例29:He declared that he would permit me to do so.
allow 和 permit 的含義雖然有所差別,但實際運用中兩者常通用。
let:允許,讓。其後的賓語補足語應是不帶to的不定式。一般不用於被動語態。例如:
例30:Don’t let this happen again.
例31:This is not allowed to happen again. (不説:This is not let to happen again.)
promise:答應,允諾。用於主動答應自己要做什麼的場合。例如:
例32:They promised an immediate reply.
例33:He promised to start at once.
例34:I promised him to see to the matter right away.
(我答應他馬上處理這件事。不定式to see to 是主語I發出的。)
unce / declare
announce:宣佈,宣告。常指首次公開或正式宣佈人們關心的某件事情。例如:
例35:The government announced that the danger was past.
例36:It was announced that the national science conference would soon be held in Beijing.
另外,要表達“向某人宣佈某事”,應用announce to sb sth。後接to sb的動詞還有say,explain等。例如:
例37:He announced to us the news and then said to us, “Now let me explain to you in details.”
(他向我們宣佈了這個消息,然後對我們説:“現在讓我詳細給你們解釋吧。”)
declare:宣佈,聲明。指以正式的話語公開宣佈某件事。例如:
例38:The chairman declared the exhibition open. (主席宣佈展覽會開幕。)
er / reply
answer:回答,迴應。例如:
例39:“Tom!” No one answered.
例40:Please answer the door-bell. (請去開門。)
例41:He answered that he knew nothing about it.
例42:No one was able to answer him a word.
reply:回答,答覆。作不及物動詞時,後需接to再接賓語;作及物動詞時,後直接接that從句或what從句,或用於倒裝句。例如:
例43:He replied to me, “I need the answer to the exercise.”
例44:He replied that he would not go.
例45:Not a word did she reply.(她一句話也不應。)
answer當名詞用時,與reply一樣,要接to。例如:
例46:He made no answer / reply to his questions.
ar / look / seem
appear:顯得,好像。有時含有表面上顯得,而事實未必的意味。例如:
例47:This kind of apples appears good, but in fact it tastes sour.
(這種蘋果看起來好,實際吃起來酸。)
seem:好像。暗示判斷有一定根據,往往接近事實。例如:
例48:You seem to have made the same mistake again this time.
(你這次似乎又犯了同樣的錯誤。)
例49:It seems that it is going to rain soon.
look:好像。表示憑感覺作出的判斷。例如:
例50:What’s wrong with you? You look pale.
例51:It looks like rain. (看來要下雨了。)
e / quarrel
argue:辯論,爭論。指提出理由或論據以支持或反駁某種意見或主張,着重説理。如:
例52:What are you arguing about?
例53:I argued with him the whole day.
quarrel:爭論,爭吵,吵架。例如:
例54:It’s unwise to quarrel with your boss about that. (為那件事同你老闆爭吵是不明智的。)
ve / reach / get
arrive,reach和get都有“到達”的意思。arrive通常與介詞at或in連用,它和reach是比較正式的用語;reach是及物動詞;get通常與介詞to連用,在口語中常用。arrive和get後接副詞(如here, there, home等)時,不用介詞。reach和arrive at還有“達成(協議),作出(決定)”的意思。例如:
例55:When we arrived at the station, the train had left.
例56:At five, they arrived in Beijing.
例57:The letter didn’t reach me until yesterday.
例58:At what time did you get to the post office?
例59:The two sides failed to reach / arrive at an agreement after several hours’ discussion.
(幾個小時的討論後,雙方還是沒能達成一致意見。)
/ inquire / question
ask:問(ask sb sth或ask sth of sb);請求(ask sb to do sth);要,索取(ask for sth)。例如:
例60:May I ask you some questions?
例61:Why did he ask you to come again?
例62:Did he ask for anything?
inquire:問,詢問。它與ask同義,但是比較正式的用語;與into連用時,表示“查究,調查”的意思。例如:
例63:I have inquired of him whether he could help me. (我已經問過他能否幫我。)
例64:We must inquire into the matter. (=look into,我們必須調查此事。)
question:提問,質問,審問,懷疑。例如:
例65:At first the girls read a chapter from their books, and then the teacher began to question them.
例66:I question whether he was once questioned by the police.
(我懷疑他是否曾被警方審問過。)
about to do sth / be to do sth
be about to do:即將,正要做……不加任何時間短語。例如:
例67:We were about to start when suddenly it began to rain.
be to do:計劃,約定;應該。例如:
例68:We are to start tomorrow.
例69:What is to be done next?(下一步做什麼?)
careful of / be careful with
be careful of:小心,當心,留神,注意。例如:
例70:The public were warned to be careful of rats. (公眾被警告要當心老鼠。)
be careful with:細心,注意。指細心地處理或對付某人或某事。例如:
例71:You’d better be careful with your work / pronunciation. (你得注意你的工作/發音。)
familiar with / be familiar to
be familiar with:對……熟悉。例如:
例72:Most of us are familiar with the pop star.
例73:John was very familiar with this kind of situation.
be familiar to:對……來説是熟悉的;為……所熟知。例如:
例74:The pop star is familiar to most of us.
例75:This kind of situation was all too familiar to John. (=very familiar)
known for / be known as / be known to
be known for:因……而出名。例如:
例76:Our town is known for its stones.
be known as:作為……而出名。例如:
例77:The town is known as a stone town.
be known to:被……知曉,瞭解。例如:
例78:The hot spring city is known to every one of them.
made of ( from / out of ) / be made into / be made up / be made up of
be made of:由……製成。用於由產品可以看出原材料。例如:
例79:The desk is made of wood.
be made from:由……製成。用於由產品看不出原材料。例如:
例80:Paper is made from wood.
be made out of:由……製成。例如:
例81:The desk / Paper is made out of wood.
be made into:製成……例如:
例82:Wood can be made into desks / paper.
be made up:由……編成。例如:
例83:Don’t believe him; the whole story was made up. (別信他的,整個過程都是捏造的。)
be made up of (=consist of):由……組成。例如:
例84:This desk is made up of / consists of twelve pieces of wood.
tired of / be tired from / be tired out
be / get tired of:對……厭倦。例如:
例85:I am really tired of your words! (你的話我聽膩了!)
be tired from:因……疲倦。例如:
例86:I was so tired from climbing the hill that I fell asleep the moment my head touched the pillow. (我爬山太累了,所以頭一碰枕頭/一躺下就睡着了。)
be tired out:筋疲力盡。相當於be worn out。例如:
例87:We were tired out when we climbed over the high mountain.
eve / believe in / depend on
believe:相信(指信某人的言語);認為(相當於be sure)。例如:
例88:Don’t believe him; he’s lying. (別聽他的,他在説謊。)
例89:I believe they’ll succeed in the end.
believe in:信任(指勝任某人);信仰(指信仰真理、主張、宗教等)。例如:
例90:Don’t believe in him; he’s always lying. (不可信任他,他老説謊。)
例91:I believe what she said, but I don’t believe in her. (我相信她所説的,但我不信任她。)
例92:We must work, and above all we must believe in ourselves.
(我們得工作,最重要的是我們得信任自己。)
例93:Most of them believe in God.
depend on:信任(相當於believe in或trust);依靠(相當於live on);取決於。例如:
例94:He is a man to depend on / believe in / trust. (他是個可信任的人。)
例95:Do you still depend on / live on your parents? (你還靠父母嗎?)
例96:Everything depends on the weather tomorrow. (一切取決於明天的天氣。)
ow / lend
borrow:借,借用。指借入,不帶雙賓語。結構:borrow sth from sb。例如:
例97:Can I borrow your pen?
例98:He borrows money from me frequently.
lend:把……借給。指借出,可帶雙賓。結構:lend sb sth =lend sth to sb。例如:
例99:Could you lend me your pen?
例100:Will you lend your bike to me?
g / take / fetch / get / carry
bring:帶來。例如:
例101:Bring the book here tomorrow.
take:拿走。例如:
例102:Don’t take the magazines out of the reading-room.
fetch:去拿來。例如:
例103:Go downstairs and fetch me some water.
get:去拿來。與fetch同義,但較口語化。例如:
例104:She got him a good doctor. (她為他請來了一位好醫生。)
carry:攜帶。指隨身攜帶,如捧、抱、扛、運等。例如:
例105:He carried a bag of rice on his shoulder.
例106:He often carries a pocket dictionary when he goes out.
(他出門時經常帶着一本袖珍詞典。)
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