糯米文學吧

位置:首頁 > 範文 > 校園

there be句型定語從句

校園1.52W

there be句型的定語從句,大家是否瞭解清楚了?如果還是不太瞭解可以參考以下的內容,希望能幫到幫你!

there be句型定語從句

在由"there be +主語名詞"引起的句子中,用來修飾主語的分詞或分詞短語在意思上相當於一個定語從句。例如:

There were 200children studying(=who were studying)music,dancing,or dram atics.

Is there anything planned(=that has been planned)for tonight?

  有關There Be句型的幾個問題

人們在交際中使用的語言是豐富多彩的,然而萬變不離其宗,變來變去,不外乎幾個基本句型的擴展。there be句型是英語基本句型中的一個。在學習和應用這一句型時,必須弄清楚以下幾個基本問題:

  e be句型的主語

一些語法學家認為,在there be句型中存在着兩個主語:實意主語(notional subject),即表示客觀存在的事物的名詞或代詞;假主語(pseudo-subject)或者稱之為形式主語(formal subject),即該句型的引導詞there。然而,大多數語法學家認為,there應看作是引導詞,該句型的真正主語則是be後面的名詞(詞組)或代詞,而且作其主語的通常是表示泛指的名詞或代詞。這些名詞可以用泛指限定詞(indefinite determiner)修飾。例如:

Is there anybody in the room?房間裏有人嗎?

There are two boys playing basketball on the sportsground.操場上有兩個學生在打籃球。

There’s a pleasure in the pathless woods,

There’s a rapture on the lonely shore,

There’s a society ,where none intrudes,

By the deep sea, and music in its roar.

人跡罕至的密林其樂無窮,

空寂寥廓的海邊令人神往,

這裏遠離人世的騷鬧喧囂,

只有深邃的大海低聲吟唱。

在這個句型中,主語一般不能是專有名詞、人稱代詞,也不可是跟有特指限定詞(definite determiner)的名詞。例如不能説:

*There is John in the office.

*There was the window open.

但在回答問題時,主語可以是專有名詞。例如:

A: Who came this morning?今天上午誰來了?

B: There’s Janny or Bob.不是珍妮就是鮑勃。

當定冠詞和最高級連用表示“非常”之意時,可置於主語前。例如:

There’s the oddest-looking man standing at the school gate. 在學校門口站着一個樣子很古怪的人。

在there be句型中,動名詞也可作主語。例如:

There’s no joking about the matter.不要拿這件事情開玩笑。

There’s no telling why he didn’t come last night.他昨晚沒來的.原因沒有説明。

There’s no knowing who took it away from the room.不知道是誰把它從房間拿走的。

  e be句型的謂語

there be句型中的謂語動詞除了be以外,還可以是表示狀態的動詞(如exist,remain,live,lie,stand等),表示發生或運動等的動詞(如occur,happen,seem,appear,come,rise,follow,enter,go等)。例如:

There existed a number of similar animals on the island.這個島上有許多類似的動物。

There lies a big mountain at back of the city.這個城市的後面有一座大山。

There remained in the village only women and children.村裏只剩下婦女和兒童。

Not long after that, there occurred an earthquake in the area.不久以後,那個地區就發生了地震。

這一結構亦可用含有半助動詞的短語動詞(如be likely to,happen to,seem to,be bound to,be going to,used to等)做謂語。例如:

There is likely to be many people walking in the park.可能有很多人在公園裏散步。

There used to be a department store round the corner.這個轉彎處過去有個商店。

there be句型中動詞be的數必須與後置的主語保持一直。試比較:

There is a pencil-box on the desk.桌上有一個鉛筆盒。

There are two pencil-box on desk.桌上有兩個鉛筆盒。

有時,be後面的主語不止一個,而有兩個甚至更多的並列成分作主語,那麼動詞be 的數通常與最靠近的一個主語一致。試比較:

There is an orange,two apples and three bananas on the table.桌上有一個桔子、兩個蘋果和三個香蕉。(當然,is也可換成are)

There are two apples, three bananas and one orange on the table.桌上有兩個蘋果、三個香蕉和一個桔子。

  e be句型的非謂語形式

there be句型中的be不但可以是謂語形式,而且也可以是非謂語形式,這時,其引導詞there可作動詞不定式(to be)或-ing形式(being)的邏輯主語。

a. there to be結構可用作主語、狀語或動詞的賓語。作主語和狀語時,通常位於引出不定式邏輯主語的介詞for後面;作動詞賓語時,其前不需要介詞for。例如:

In such case it is impossible for there to be an escape of air from the container.在這種情況下,不存在空氣從容器逸出的可能性。(作主語)

We must get prepared for there to be a splendid banquet tomorrow.我們一定要為明天的盛大宴會作好準備。(作狀語)

The author doesn’t wish there to be any misinterpretation of his argument.作者不希望對他的論據有任何誤解。(作賓語)

e being結構可以是獨立主格結構,在句中用作狀語,其中的being是現在分詞,there作being的邏輯主語。例如:

There being no evidence of his crime, the prisoner was set free. 由於沒有罪證,犯人獲釋。

There being no buses, we had to walk home.因為沒有公共汽車,我們只好步行回家。

e being結構可以作動詞或介詞的賓語,其中being是動名詞,there為being的邏輯主語。例如:

He denied there being a quarrel between them.他否認他們爭論過。

She was disappointed there being so little to do .她對沒有多少事做感到失望。

  e be句型與have構成的存在句的互換

there be結構常常譯為“有”,動詞have也常譯為“有”。一般説來,在表示某人“佔有”時,通常用have;在表示在某地點“有”時,一般用there be。例如:

They have three cars.他們有3輛小汽車。

There are two pens in the pencil-box.鉛筆盒裏有兩支鋼筆。

但是,當主語是表示物或時間等的名詞,而且表示整體與局部的關係時,there be結構與動詞have存在句可以互換。例如:

The building has twenty rooms. →There are twenty rooms in the building .這棟樓有20個房間。

A week has seven days. →There are seven days in a week.一星期有7天。

Although Princeton , New Jersey, has a world famous university , it is still a small quiet town. →Although there is a world famous university in Princeton , New Jersey, it is still a small quiet town.新澤西州普林斯頓是一所世界聞名的大學所在地,然而它卻仍是一個幽靜的小城鎮。

當have的賓語後有介詞短語、現在分詞、動詞不定式或定語從句來修飾,而have表示的“所有”的意義已相當弱時,儘管主語是表示人的名詞或代詞,但只要賓語是泛指的,則可以與there be句型互換。例如:

She picked up the wallet and saw that it had a lot of pound notes in it. →She picked up the wallet and saw that there were a lot of pound notes in it.她揀起錢包,看到裏面有許多鈔票。

I have a pain in my stomach. →There is a pain in my stomach.我肚子有點痛。

I have nowhere to go. →There is nowhere for me to go.我無處可去。

標籤:從句 定語 句型