2017年公共英語五級真題練習

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　　Part C

Answer Questions 71 to 80 by referring to the following four articles concerning mental illness.

Answer each question by choosing A, B, C, or D and mark it on ANSWER SHEET 1.

Note : When more than qne answer is required, these may be given in any order. Some choices may be required more than once.

Remember:

A = Article AB = Article BC = Article CD = Article DWhich article ( s)...

reveals the gender difference in suicide rate? 71.______

point out that youths with mental illness have not received adequate

treatment? 72.____73.____

argues that how the public treat the people with mental illness has a di—

rect effect on their recovery? 74.

reports on the appalling percentage of the mentally ill in Canada’S pop—

ulation? 75.

says that there is a high correlation between suicide and mental illness? 76.

find that mental iUness has made Canada’S economy less productive?

77.78.

says that organizations aye recommended to practice stress manage-

ment? 79.

I calls public attention to the unfair treatment of the mentally ill? 80.

One of the biggest challenges facing the mental health care system is the gnawing chasm be- tween the ever-growing demand for services and the system's ability to respond. Many are suffer- ing. Far too few are being helped.

For decades, governments have treated mental illness like the orphan of the health care sys- tem, leaving the sector chronically under-funded and under-staffed. Such neglect would seem to suggest that mental illness afflicts only an unfortunate few. Nothing could be further from the truth. One in three individuals will experience mental health problems at some point in their lives. In Can- ada, that translates to more than 10 million people.

In Canada, mental illness is estimated to cost the economy $ 33 billion each year in disability and lost productivity. We currently spend another $ 6 billion to $ 8 billion annually to treat these conditions. More hospital stays are consumed by people with a mental illness than by cancer and heart disease patients combined.

Yet for all of that, mental health practitioners know they are only reaching a fraction of those in need. Research shows that two-thirds of adults who experience mental illness never seek help; for ad- olescents, the figure is 75 percent. Of those who do seek treatment, the majority will first report symptoms to family physicians who are often ill-equipped to recognize or deal with mental illness.B

Sadly, children and adolescents are even less likely than adults to seek or receive treatment for mental illness. And in far too many cases, young people pay the ultimate price for their conditions. In what was perhaps the most sobering statistic of all provided by some researchers, it was found that approximately one-in-ten Canadian adolescents attempt suicide each year. At the same time, 80 percent aqd 90 percent of the young people who kill themselves likely suffered from a mental disor- der at the time of their death.

Some young people are at greater risk than others. Aboriginal youths are five to six times more likely to die by suicide than non-Aboriginal youths. Adolescent males die by suicide three to four times more often than adolescent females.

The key to suicide prevention is to intervene on multiple fronts as early as possible, particular- ly with youth who exhibit risk factors such as depression and substance abuse. This means support- ing families with children at risk, promoting suicide awareness at the community level and, perhaps most importantly, taking prevention programs into the schools.

In a typical workplace, one in four employees struggles with mental health issues, most com- monly in the form of depression or anxiety. It is estimated that mental illness results in 35 million work days lost each year in Canada. Mental illness also accounts for up to per cent of short-term disability insurance claims and is a secondary diagnosis in more than 50 per cent of long-term claims.

The toll of mental illness--in terms of individual Suffering and the corporate bottom line--prompted CEOs from across Canada to support the Toronto-based Roundtable on Addiction and Mental Health. Founded 10 years ago, the Roundtable advises organizations on how to detect, treat and ultimately prevent mental illness.

Organizations are advised to'adopt a three-part strategy. First, focus on early detection and treatment opportunities ( depression and anxiety are effectively treated in 85 percent of cases where help is sought). Second, determine, at the organizational level, the root cause of the mental dis- tress (especially important if it is emanating from a single department or business unit). Third, make prevention and stress management a corporate-wide priority.

No research on mental health could fail to deal with the issue of stigma--the fact that negative attitudes and behavior toward people with mental illness adds immeasurably to their suffering and represents a serious barrier to reform. The sting of stigma provided much of the emotional wallop behind Starry, Starry Night, a theatrical production by the Calgary Chapter of the Schizophrenia So- ciety of Alberta. The play, performed entirely by actors with Schizophrenia, includes several wrenching scenes about the harsh way the mentally ill are sometimes treated by the very system that is intended to help them.

Dr. Thornicroft, a British psychiatrist, recalled how, after 20 years in practice, he felt disquie- ted by the fact that so few people with mental illness sought treatment--and, if they did, it was as a last resort. He concluded this was because of the shame and embarrassment so many experienced. Dr. Thornicroft decided to take a sabbatical and write a book about stigma.

As he delved into the subject, and looked at it from the patient's point of view, Dr. Thorni- croft was struck by the depth of prejudice directed at the mentally ill. He concluded that the most essential aspect of stigma is not so much people's attitudes, but how they act. In other words, the real issue was discrimination. And what is needed is a kind of civil rights campaign on behalf of the mentally ill.

DO THAT IS THE END OF SECTION THREE.!NOT READ OR WORK ON THE NEXT SECTION UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO.

　　PartC

　　參考譯文

精神健康保健系統面臨着許多挑戰，其中最重要的就是人們不斷增長的服務需求和系統本身反應能力之間存在巨大差異。很多人正在遭受痛苦，但只有少數人能夠得到幫助。

幾十年來，精神病就像各國醫療保健體系中的孤兒，長期受到資金不足和人手缺乏的困擾。這種漠視的態度似乎表明受精神病折磨的患者只是少數。但事實更有説服力。生活中，約三分之一的人會在生命的某個時期遭遇心理問題。在加拿大，這一羣體有1000多萬人。

據估計，精神病會導致殘疾和生產力上的損失。每年，加拿大在這一方面的經濟損失不下於330億美元。目前，我們每年還額外花費60至80億美元治療這些疾病。入院治療的精神病患者比癌症和心臟病患者的總和還要多。

然而，儘管這樣，心理健康醫師深知這只是涉及其中一小部分人羣。研究表明，三分之二精神病成年患者從不尋求幫助;而在青少年中，這個數字是75%。在那些尋求治療的患者中，大多數先會去看家庭醫生，問題是家庭醫生往往沒有能力識別和處理精神病病患。

可悲的是，比起成年人，兒童和青少年更不太可能去尋求或接受精神病治療。而在很多情況下，一旦病患發作，年輕人將不得不付出代價。在研究人員提供的一些最發人深省的統計中，我們發現每年在加拿大約有十分之一的青少年企圖自殺。同時，80%和90%的自殺年輕人在死亡時都有可能患有精神疾病。

有些年輕人比其他人的情況更糟。原住民青少年自殺死亡率是非土著青少年的五至六倍。青春期男性自殺死亡率是青春期女性的三到四倍。

預防自殺的關鍵是在於多方面的早期干預，特別對於有危險舉動如抑鬱症和濫用藥物的青少年進行的干預。這就意味着為有孩子是患者的家庭提供幫助，提高社會對於自殺危害的意識，也許最重要的是學校要做出一定的預案。

在典型的職場中，約四分之一的員工有精神健康問題，最常見的是抑鬱或焦慮。據估計，加拿大每年由於精神病而浪費3500萬個工作日。心理疾病在短期傷殘保險索賠中高述40%，在長期輔助診斷中的索賠率超過50%。

精神病患者的數量——無論是在個人傷痛或是公司底線方面——促使加拿大各地的CEO在多倫多形成對長期患病與心理健康的圓桌會議。成立l0年來，圓桌會議不斷指導各個組織檢測、治療並最終防止心理疾病。

各個組織應採取三步戰略。首先，關注早發現和早治療的機會(85%的抑鬱和焦慮患者可以通過救助有效治癒)。其次，在組織層面上探求心理困擾的根本原因(如果它出現在一個單一的部門或單位，情況就特別重要)。最後，是在企業範圍內預防和加強管理。

對心理健康的.任何研究都會遇到名譽問題——事實證明消極的態度和行為只會徒然增加精神病患者的痛苦，也會嚴重阻礙改革。對於這個敏感的問題，《繁星點點的夜晚》帶來了許多感觸。《繁星點點的夜晚》是由阿爾伯塔精神分裂症協會的卡爾加里·切普特所指導的一部舞台劇。劇中的角色完全由精神分裂症患者們飾演。劇中包括一些痛苦的場景，即有時精神病患者會受到所謂人道主義體制的不公正待遇。

經過20年實踐之後，英國的精神病學家斯尼克勞福特博士回憶到，他發現很少有精神病患者尋求治療，而且，即使他們接受治療，也是作為最後的“救命稻草”。他總結説，這主要是因為這些人遭受了太多的羞辱和尷尬。斯尼克勞福特博士決定利用休假寫一本關於恥辱的書。

在他深入研究並從病人的角度出發時，斯尼克勞福特博士被精神病患者遭受到的深度偏見所震撼。他總結説：關於恥辱，最重要的不是很多人的態度，而是深度的行為。換句話説，真正的問題是歧視。而我們所需要的就是一種能代表精神病患者的公民權利運動。

答案及精析

71.B【精析】題目問的是“哪篇文章在自殺率上揭示了性別差異?”。根據問句中的關鍵詞“9ender difference”可把答案定位在B篇第二段的最後一句“Adolescent males die by suicide three to fourtimes more often than adolescent females.”。故選B。

72.A

73.B

【精析】題目問的是“哪兩篇文章指出患有精神病的青少年沒有接受到足夠的治療?”。可把答案定位在A篇第四段的第二句“…tw0—thirds of adults who experience mental illness never seek help;foradolescents，the figure is 75 percent.”和B篇的第一段第一句的“dren and adolescents are even less likely than adults to seekor receive treatment for mental illness.”。故這題選A和B。

74.D【精析】題目問的是“哪篇文章認為公眾如何對待精神病人會直接影響他們的恢復治療?”。可把答案定位在D篇第一句“No re—search oil,mental health could fail to deal with the issue of stigma—the fact that negative attitudes and behavior toward people with men--tal illness adds immeasurably to their suffering and represents a seri—OUS barrier to refoFin.”。故選D。

75.A【精析】題目問的是“哪篇文章報道患有精神病的人羣在加拿大人口中佔有極大的比例?”。A、B和C中都有涉及到加拿大，但比較發現，A篇第二段的最後兩句説明患有精神病的人羣在加拿大人口中佔有極大的比例。故選A。

76.B【精析】題目問的是“哪篇文章談到了自殺與精神疾病存在着很高的關聯度?”。根據問句中的關鍵詞“suicide”可把答案定位在B篇第一段的第三句“In what was perhaps the most sobering statisticof all provided by some was found that approximatelyone— Canadian adolescents attempt suicide each year.”和第二段的第一句“some young people are at greater risk than —original youths are five to six times more likely to die by suicide thannon—Aboriginal youths.”。故選B。

77.A

78.C

【精析】題目問的是“哪篇文章發現精神疾病使加拿大的經濟生產力不足?”。根據問句中的關鍵詞“economy”和“less produc—rive”可把答案定位在A篇第三段時第一句“…menml illness isestimated to cost the economy$33 billion each year in disabilityand lost productivity”和C篇第二段的第二句“Founded lo yearsa90，the Roundtable advises organizations on how to detect，treatand ultimately prevent mental illness.”。故這題選A和C。

79.C【精析】題目問的是“哪篇文章談到了人們建議各個單位實行壓力管理?”。根據問句中的關鍵詞“management”可把答案定位在C篇的最後一句“…make prevention and stress management a corpo—rate—wide priority”。故選C。

80.D【精析】題目問的是“哪篇文章呼籲公眾對於精神病人的不公正對待給予關注?”。可把答案定位在D篇第三段的最後兩句“…mereal issue was what is needed is a kind of civilrights campaign on behalf of the mentally ill”。故選D。