國中英語主謂語法一致原則
謂語受主語支配,須和主語在人稱和數上保持一致,這叫做主謂一致。主謂一致一般遵循三條原則:語法一致原則,意義一致原則和就近一致原則。
(1)以單數名詞或代詞,動詞不定式短語作主語時,謂語動詞要用單數;主語為複數時,謂語用複數,例如:
He goes to school early every morning.
The children are playing outside.
To work hard is necessary for a student.
(2)由and或both……and連接的並列成分作主語時,謂語動詞用複數。例如:
Both he and I are right.
Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.
但並列主語如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,謂語動詞用單數。例如:
His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.
The poet and writer has come.
(3)由and連接的並列單數主語之前如果分別由each, every修飾時,其謂語動詞要用單數形式。例如:
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
Each man and each woman is asked to help.
(4)主語是單數時,儘管後面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介詞短語,謂語動詞仍用單數。例如:
The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.
Nobody but two boys was late for class.
Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.
(5) 一些只有複數形式的'名詞,如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主語時,謂語動詞要用複數。例如:
A lot of people are dancing outside.
The police are looking for lost boy.
(6)由each, some, any, no, every 構成的複合代詞作主語時,謂語動詞都用單數。例如:
Is everybody ready?
Somebody is using the phone.
(7)有兩部分構成的物體的名詞,如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主語時,謂語動詞用複數。例如:
Where are my shoes? I can’t find them.
Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.
如果這類名詞前用了a pair of等,則往往用作單數,謂語動詞的單複數形式往往取決於pair的單複數形式。例如:
Here are some new pairs of shoes.
My new pair of socks is on the bed.
對於上述老師為同學們帶來的這些,同學們都懂了嗎?如果還有不懂的可以參考例句多多學習!
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