英語語法過去完成時的被動語態的知識點

　　過去完成時的被動語態的概念：

過去完成時的被動語態是過去完成時態和被動語態的疊合。表示過去某一時間以前已經完成的動作，常與by，before等引導的時間狀語連用。由“had+been+過去分詞”構成。

1）過去完成時的被動語態的肯定式為：had + been + done。

如：The task had been finished before 12:00 yesterday.

2）過去完成時的被動語態的否定式為：have / has + not + been + done。

如：The task hadn't been finished before 12:00 yesterday.

3）過去完成時的被動語態的一般疑問句需將had提到主語的前面。

如：Had the task been finished before 12:00 yesterday?

4）過去完成時的被動語態的特殊疑問句為：疑問詞 + had+ been + done。

如：What time had the task been finished yesterday?

　　過去完成時被動語態的用法：

過去完成時由“had+過去分詞”構成，表示在過去某一時刻或某一動作之前發生的動作或狀態，句中常用by，before，until，when等詞引導時間狀語。

如：We had built five new buildings by the end of last year. 過去完成時的被動語態有以下三種形式：

（1）肯定結構：主語＋had been done＋其他成分

（2）否定結構：主語＋had not been done＋其他成分

（3）疑問句結構：had＋主語＋been done＋其他成分；

疑問詞＋had＋主語＋been done＋其他成分

　　過去完成時的`被動語態常用於以下情況：

（1）表示過去某一時間以前已經完成的動作，常與by, before等引導的時間狀語連用。

如：By the time he got to the school, the first period had been finished.

The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came.

How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended?

Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting?

（2）在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞之後的賓語從句中，若表示過去某一被動動作時，用過去完成時。

如：The said the production costs had been reduced.

The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in.

The media reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake.

（3）根據語意可以判斷出動作先後的被動語態，用過去完成時。

如：As the assignment had been done, he went on to search the Internet.

He did what he had been told to.

另：當從句由after，before，when或assoonas引導時，主句和從句都可以用一般過去時。

如：When he arrived, he called her.

They locked the door before they left.

　　過去完成時與現在完成時被動語態用法區別：

現在完成時被動語態表示相對於現在來説已被完成的動作，過去完成時被動語態表示相對於過去某一時刻來説已被完成的動作。

例如：This polluted river has been cleaned. 這條被污染了的河流已被淨化。

析：該句表示到現在為止這條河流已被淨化。

例如：He said this book had been translated into Japanese. 他説這本書已被譯成日語。

析：該句表示到他説話時所體現的時間為止這本書已被譯成日語。