2017年英語四級動詞的時態語態語法知識點

四級語法是英語學習中的基礎知識，大家在進行英語四級備考時，要在熟練掌握四級語法的基礎上，在平時的專項訓練中加以鞏固、理解和運用。小編已將四級考試中的語法知識進行了整理，並將動詞的時態語態語法知識點做了彙總，希望對大家有幫助。

　　動詞的時態

1)現在完成進行時態(have/has been + -ing 分詞構成): 動作或狀態從過去某時開始,繼續到現在,可能繼續下去,也可能剛剛結束.

I’ve been writing letters for an hour.

I’ve been sitting in the garden.

2)過去完成進行時(由had been + ing分詞構成): 過去某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作

I’d been working for some time when he called.

We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.

3)將來完成進行時: 將來某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作.

By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.

In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.

4)將來完成時(由shall/will have + 過去分詞構成): 將來某時已發生的事.

I shall have finished this one before lunch.

They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.

　　動詞的語態

可以有兩種被動結構的類型,例如:

He was said to be jealous of her success.

It was said that he was jealous of her success.

能同時適用於上述兩個句型的主動詞通常都是表示“估計”,“相信”等意義的'動詞,常見的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.

It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.

The ship is supposed to have been sunk.

擔當be supposed to 與不定式的一般形式搭配時往往表示不同的意義.例如:

Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你應該曉得速度限制)

雙賓語及賓補結構的被動語態

雙賓語結構的被動語態: 雙賓語結構變為被動語態時,可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變為主語,另一個賓語仍然保留在謂語後面,但多數是把間接賓語變為主語.

He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.

Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.

　　賓補結構的被動語態:

She was called Big Sister by everybody.

Then he was made a squad leader.

He was considered quite qualified for the job.

The room was always kept clean and tidy.

　　短語動詞

Vi + adv

The plane took off two hours late.

Vi + prep

They looked round the Cathedral.

Vi + prep (有被動語態)