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　　Questions9– 14

Read the text taken from an article about thedevelopment of international managers

Choose the best sentence from the opposite page tofill each of the gaps .

For each gap 9– 14, mark one letter (A-H) on yourAnswer Sheet .

Do not use any letter more than once .

There is an example at the beginning .(0)

Search for the “ worldly –wise” company executives

The quest for international managers is underway in virtually every industrialized economy , thesearch has been made urgent by the globalization of world markets and the growth incrossborder mergers and acquisitions. (0) Many firms report being so stretched that theysimply do not have enough of the high-quality people they require to lead their their globalexpansion.

Other companies are having difficulties releasing experienced people from existing operationsin order to lead new international ventures. There are indications that a shorftage ofinternationally skilled people may be an important constraint on firms’ international ambitions. (9) However, identifying the need for international managers is easier than developing them.

So what makes an international manager? Paul Evans, a professor at INSEAD, the Europeanbusiness school, does not believe that any particular nationality produces a more internationalmanager. Neither does he believe that it’s a matter of having the ability to cope with a lifestylethat involves working in Madrid one day, London the next and Berlin the day after. (10) Rather,he believes that the secret of being a good international manger is being comfortable withmanaging diversity.

Ford of Europe, which has encouraged the development of international managers for morethan 20 years, says that its managers are globally-minded before they become globaloperators. (11) a car that you buy in the UK, for example, is going to be the same car that sellsin Germany, Finland and Portugal, so the people who are involved in the car’s development haveto be aware of the market requirements in all those different countries.

Generally, it seems that the only effective way to develop international skills and perspectives isthrough direct international experience. (12) Such experiences open people’s minds to the factthat things are done differently lese where and encourages them to think in a wilder context..

Formulating effective strategies for developing a company’s management resource is ademanding exercise, with conflicting issues to be solved (13) Another dilemma is whether touse local managers or expatriates.

The recruitment and development of effective international managers requires considerablefinancial resources and can be hard to justify at budget meetings. (14) however , withoutthem, companies will continue to find their expansion plans frustrated by a lack ofinternationally effective managers.

　　試題

A from the moment they join the company, employees are faced with having to thinkinternationally

B This can be through involvement in international task forces or through living and workingabroad.

C Should , for example, only an elite few receive international experience in preparation for topjobs or should it be offered to a wider group?

D these problems mean that developing managers who think and operate globally isabsolutely vital for companies operating in foreign markets.

E Language training , overseas visits and in-house management courses are all expensive toimplement.

F Jet-setting between international operations merely creates a business equivalent of theover-packaged tourist

G Companies are now emphasizing the human skills involved in managing other people

H These trends are pushing companies’ existing management resources to the limit

9-10 D F11-14 A B C E