英語四級考試語法精要

引導語：英語四級考試語法精要，由應屆畢業生培訓網整理而成，希望能夠幫助到您。

　一、動名詞

1. 某些動詞後要接動名詞

某些及物動詞後能用動名詞而不能用不定式作賓語，其中最常用動詞的有admit, avoid, appreciate, complete, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, forgive, involve, imagine, can’t help, mind, miss, postpone, practise, prevent, quit, resent, risk, resist, suggest等。

She suggested spending another day in the mountain area.

There’s no way to escape doing the work.

She is considering asking her employer for a rise.

Note:

① 在need、want、require、deserve等動詞後的動名詞相當於不定式的被動式

The clock needs/wants repairing. (=The clock needs/wants to be repaired)

The disabled deserve respecting. (=The disabled deserve to be respected.)

② 在like、hate、prefer等動詞後,如果表示一般傾向,則用動名詞作賓語;如果指具體的某次發生在將來的行動，則要用不定式。

I like reading books of this kind, but I don’t like to read that book.

She prefers walking to cycling.

I prefer to stay at home today.

③ 在remember、forget、regret等動詞後,如果用動名詞作賓語，則表示該賓語的動作發生在動詞謂語的動作之前;如果用不定式作賓語，則表示賓語的動作發生在動詞謂語的動作之後

I remembered locking the door. (=I remembered that I had locked the door.)

I remembered to lock the door (=I remembered that I was to lock the door.)

I regret telling you about it. (=I regret that I told you about it.)

I regret to tell you he has fallen ill. (=I regret that I am to tell you he has fallen ill.)

2. 動名詞作介詞的賓語

動名詞可作介詞的賓語，與介詞一起構成介詞短語，在句中作定語、狀語或表語。

His dream of becoming a successful writer has come true.

She left without saying goodbye to us.

動名詞作介詞的賓語常用在某些詞組後面。這類常用的詞組主要有：be accustomed to, believe in, confess to, dream of, feel like, give up, insist on, be interested in, look forward to, object to, have an (no) objection to, pay attention to, put off, be responsible for, succeed in, be tired of, be (get) used to, worry about,等。

He is used to living on his own.

He has made up his mind to give up smoking.

3. 帶邏輯主語的動名詞

動名詞可以有邏輯主語，其構成形式為“名詞或代詞的所有格+動名詞”。帶邏輯主語的動名詞又稱為動名詞的複合結構，在句中用作主語,賓語,表語和介詞的賓語。在非正式語體中，如果動名詞的複合結構在句中作賓語，也可以賓格來充當動名詞的邏輯主語。但考生需注意的是，在各種英語測試中，專家們仍堅持在正式語體中用代詞的所有格來作動名詞的邏輯主語。

Your driving a car to New York took longer than I expected.

I appreciated her devoting herself to the cause of education.

Your mother will be astonished at your coming home so late.

What we felt uneasy about was Li Ming’s having too much confidence in himself.

二、不定式

1. 某些動詞後要接不定式

某些及物動詞後只能接不定式作賓語，其中最常用的動詞有agree, afford, arrange, appear, ask, attempt, care, choose, continue, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, fear, forget, hate, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, regret, remember, seek, tend, try, volunteer, want, wish等。

What do you plan to do tomorrow?

She hated to move from such a nice village.

In class teachers should try to get feedback from their students

2. 不定式的被動式

不定式有被動式，當不定式的邏輯主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者，不定式要用被動式，在句中可作主語，賓語，定語，狀語，複合賓語等。作定語時，通常表示在謂語動作後將要發生的動作。

The last question to be discussed today is how to do the job more efficiently.

She preferred to be given more difficult work to do.

3. 不定式的完成式

當不定式的動作發生在謂語動詞的動作之前，不定式要用完成式，在句中可作賓語，狀語以及構成複合賓語，複合謂語。

She seemed to have heard about the news already.

He was believed to have been a very rich man.

4. 不定式的完成被動式

當不定式的邏輯主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者，且不定式的動作發生在謂語動詞的動作之前，不定式要用完成被動式，在句中可作主語，賓語或構成複合賓語，複合謂語。

The forest fire is reported to have been put out last night.

It is supposed to have been finished without referring to any reference books.

5. 帶邏輯主語的不定式短語

不定式可以有邏輯主語，其構成形式為“for +代詞的賓格(或名詞) +不定式”。 帶邏輯主語的不定式短語可在句子中作主語、賓語、表語或狀語等。