2017年雅思考試閲讀試題及答案解析
趕腳的對頭是腳懶,學習的對頭是自滿。以下是小編為大家搜索整理的2017年雅思考試閲讀試題及答案解析,希望能給大家帶來幫助!更多精彩內容請及時關注我們應屆畢業生考試網!
From The Economist print edition
How shops can exploit people’s herd mentality to increase sales
1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (that is, how ants, bees or any social animal, including humans, behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy.
2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome, Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani, a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology, described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance, by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store, forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes, also of the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that, if a certain product is seen to be popular, shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying.
3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani’s supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag, a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information, and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too.
4. Mr Usmani’s “swarm-moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts. And it gives shoppers the satisfaction of knowing that they bought the “right” product—that is, the one everyone else bought. The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world, mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal-Mart in America and Tesco in Britain are interested in his work, and testing will get under way in the spring.
5. Another recent study on the power of social influence indicates that sales could, indeed, be boosted in this way. Matthew Salganik of Columbia University in New York and his colleagues have described creating an artificial music market in which some 14,000 people downloaded previously unknown songs. The researchers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they had been downloaded, they followed the crowd. When the songs were not ordered by rank, but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed, the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced. People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so.
6. In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies. The shops sell only the most popular items in each product category, and the rankings are updated weekly. Icosystem, a company in Cambridge, Massachusetts, also aims to exploit knowledge of social networking to improve sales.
7. And the psychology that works in physical stores is just as potent on the internet. Online retailers such as Amazon are adept at telling shoppers which products are popular with like-minded consumers. Even in the privacy of your home, you can still be part of the swarm.
Questions 1-6
Complete the sentences below with words taken from the reading passage. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
1. Shopowners realize that the smell of _______________ can increase sales of food products.
2. In shops, products shelved at a more visible level sell better even if they are more _______________.
3. According to Mr. Usmani, with the use of “swarm intelligence” phenomenon, a new method can be applied to encourage _______________.
4. On the way to everyday items at the back of the store, shoppers might be tempted to buy _______________.
5. If the number of buyers shown on the _______________ is high, other customers tend to follow them.
6. Using the “swarm-moves” model, shopowners do not have to give customers _______________ to increase sales.
Questions 7-12
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 7-12 write
YES if the statement agrees with the information
NO if the statement contraicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage
7. Radio frequency identification technology has been installed experimentally in big supermarkets like Wal-Mart.
8. People tend to download more unknown songs than songs they are familiar with.
9. Songs ranked high by the number of times being downloaded are favored by customers.
10. People follow the others to the same extent whether it is convenient or not.
11. Items sold in some Japanese stores are simply chosen according to the sales data of other shops.
12. Swarm intelligence can also be observed in everyday life.
Answer keys:1. 答案:(freshly baked) bread. (第1段第2 行:Shoppers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they intended.)
2. 答案:expensive. (第1段第4 行: Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors.)
3. 答案:impulse buying. (第2段第1 句:At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome, Zeeshan- ul- hassan Usmani, a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology, described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon.)
4. 答案:other (tempting) goods/things/products. (第2段第2 句:Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance, by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store, forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them.)
5. 答案:screen. (第3段第4 行:As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too.)
6. 答案:discounts. (第4段第第1句:Mr Usmani’s “swarm- moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts.)
7. 答案:NO. (第4段第3、4 句:The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world, mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal- Mart in America an Tesco in Britain are interestd in his workd, and testing will get under way in the spring. 短語 “get under way”的意思是“開始進行”,在Wal-Mart的試驗要等到春天才開始)
8. 答案:NOT GIVEN. (在文中沒有提及該信息)
9. 答案:YES。 (第5段第3 句:The reseachers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they have been downloaded, they followed the crowd.)
10. 答案:NO。 (第5段最後兩句:When the songs are not ordered by rank, but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed, the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced. People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so. pronounced 的詞義是“顯著的.、明顯的”)
11. 答案:YES。 (第6段第1 句:In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies.)
12. 答案:YES。 (最後一段最後一句:Even in the privacy of your home, you can still be part of the swarm. home應該算是everyday life的一部分
更多雅思考試相關試題推薦:
1.2017年雅思寫作機經預測題
2.2017年雅思寫作犯罪類試題
3.2017雅思寫作考試真題練習
4.2017職稱英語理工類C級試題完形填空及解析
5.2017雅思考試備考題
6.2017年雅思A類閲讀真題練習
7.2017雅思考試練習題
8.2017雅思考試口語P3習題及範文:婚禮
9.2017年1月12日雅思考試真題回憶
10.雅思閲讀真題訓練2017年
-
2015年4月11日雅思口語考試真題(文字版)
河南湖北1、湖北大學ROOM616.05考白人男子全程表情自然偶爾被我逗笑趴萬家鄉專業喜歡看天嗎好多好多問題趴兔驚喜(完全沒準備的話題,説完以後考官停頓了很久…不知道什麼意思…感覺不太好啊!!)趴3:聚會啊節日啊喜不喜歡購物等等。這部分讓考官重複了...
-
雅思考試G類寫作優秀範文賞析 投訴信
導語:相對於雅思圖表作文,書信寫作要簡單些,只要格式正確,表達的內容和方法能滿足題目的要求,就可以拿下高分,今天本站小編為大家整理了G類雅思書信寫作範文,供考生們參考,需要的朋友們可以看看範文一【投訴信】:題目:Anightclubjustopenednearwhereyoulive.Youareveryun...
-
藉助竅門養成良好雅思閲讀習慣
要想在雅思閲讀考試中取得高分,閲讀速度很關鍵,不少學生平時不太注重閲讀速度的訓練,導致考試時來不及,考試成績不理想。關於學好雅思,小編整理了三個竅門給大家參考,覺得有用的話就快快收藏吧。竅門1SkimmingandScanning雅思閲讀測試的一大特色是同義詞(synonyms)...
-
2017年生態類話題雅思寫作範文
雅思寫作經常考查一些社會廣泛關注的熱點問題,比較注重寫作與現實社會的'聯繫。因此,考生在準備雅思作文的時候,可以多關注社會熱點。下面,為大家獻上兩篇2017年生態類話題雅思寫作範文。2017年生態類話題雅思寫作範文一Somepeoplethinkthathumanneedsforfarmland...