職稱英語理工類備考練習卷2017

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　　Inventor of LED

When Nick Holonyak set out to create a new kind of visible lighting using semiconductor alloys, his colleagues thought he was unrealistic. Today, his discovery of light-emitting diodes or1 LEDs, are used in everything from DVDs to alarm clocks to airports. Dozens of his students have continued his work, developing lighting used in traffic lights and other everyday technology.

On April 23, 2004, Holonyak received the $500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize at a ceremony in Washington. This marks the 10th year that the Lemelson-MIT Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)has given the award to prominent inventors.

"Anytime you get an award, big or little2, it's always a surprise," Holonyak said.

Holonyak, 75, was a student of John Bardeen, an inventor of the transistor, in the early 1950s. After graduate school3, Holonyak worked at Bell Labs. He later went to General Electric4, where he invented a switch now widely used in house dimmer switches5.

Later, Holonyak started looking into how semiconductors could be used to generate light. But while his colleagues were looking at how to generate invisible light, be wanted to generate visible light. The LEDs he invented in 1962 now last about 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, and are more environmentally friendly and cost effective.

Holonyak, now a professor of electrical and computer engineering and physics at the University of Illinois, said he suspected that LEDs would become as commonplace as they are today. But didn't realize how many uses they would have.

"You don't know in the beginning. You think you're doing something important, you think it's worth doing, but you really can't tell what the big payoff is going to be, and when, and how. You just don't know," he said.

The Lemelson-MIT Program also recognized Edith Flanigen, 75, with the $100,000 Lemelson- MIT Lifetime Achievement Award for her work on a new generation of "molecular sieves" that can separate molecules by size.

　　詞彙：

semiconductor / ?sem?k?n’d?kt?(r) /n.半導體

alloy / ’?l??, ?’l??/ n.合金

emit / ?’m?t / v.發射，發出

diode / ’da???d/n.二極管

dim / d?m / adj.燈光昏暗的

incandescent / ,?nk?n’desnt / adj.白熾的

bulb / b?lb /n.燈泡

commonplace / ’k?m?nple?s / adj.普通的

molecular / m?(?)’lekj?l?(r) / adj.分子的

sieve / s?v / n.篩

　　註釋：

：即

or little：不論是大還是小

r graduate school：從研究生院畢業之後

ral Electric ：通用電氣公司

e dimmer switches：家用減光開關

　　練習：

nyak's colleagues thought he would fail in his research on LEDs at the time when he started it.

A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

nyak believed that his students that were working with him on the project would get the Lemelson-MIT Prize sooner or later.

A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

nyak was the inventor of the transistor in the early 1950s.

A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

nyak believed that LEDs would become very popular in the future.

A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

nyak said that you should not do anything you are not interested in.

A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

h Flanigen is the only co-inventor of LEDs.

A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

Lemelson-MIT Prize has a history of over 100 years.

A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

　　答案與題解：

1.A　第一段第一句就説：“When Nick Holonyak set out to create a new kind of visible lighting using semiconductor alloys, his colleagues thought he was unrealistic.”

2.C通篇文章沒有提到Holonyak相信他的學生將獲得Lemelson-MIT Prize這件事。

3.B第四段説到發明晶體管的是Holonyak的老師John Bardeen，不是Holonyak本人。

4.A　第六段的句子“... he suspected that LEDs would become as commonplace as they are today ...”就包含了popular的意思。

5.C通篇文章(包括第七段)沒有提到“不要做你不感興趣的事”。

6.C通篇文章沒有提到Edith Flanigen是Holonyak發明LEDs的.合作者，更不要説是唯一的合作者。

7.B　第二段説到，2004年是the Lemelson-MIT Prize成立10週年，按此推算，the Lemelson- MIT Prize是在1994年設立的。

　　譯文：LED的發明者

當Nick Holonyak着手用半導體含金創造一種新的可視照明設備的時候，同事們都認為他不現實。今天，他發現的發光二極管，或叫 LED，使用範圍覆蓋從 DVD到機場警鐘的一切東西。他的許多學生繼續着他的工作，發明了交通燈中使用的照明設備和其他的日用技術。

2004年 4月 23號，Holoyak在華盛頓的一次典禮上被授予 Lemelson-MIT項目的 50萬美元的獎金。這是麻省理工的 Lemelson-MIT項目第十年頒獎給傑出的發明人。

“任何時候你得了獎，不論是大是小，總是一分驚喜。” Holonyad説。

Holonyak，75歲，是 20世紀 50年代初期晶體管的發明者 John Bardeen的學生。從研究生院畢業之後， Holonyak在 Bell實驗室工作。之後去了通用電器公司，在那裏他發明了一種開關，現在家用減光開關中普遍使用。

後來， Holonyak開始研究如何應用半導體發電。當他的同事們正在研究如何發出看不見的光時，他卻想要看得見的光。 1962年他發明的 LED，現在的使用壽命可以比白熾燈泡長十倍，而且更環保、更經濟。

Holonyak現在是伊利諾斯大學電子、計算機工程和物理專業的教授，他説他預料到 LED的使用有可能像今天這樣普遍，但沒有意識到它會有多少用途。

“開始的時候你並不知道，你認為你在做一件很重要的事情，你認為它值得做，但是你不能説出要付出多大的代價，什麼時候付出，怎樣付出。你並不知道。”他説。

Lemelson-MIT項目同樣授予 75歲的 Edith Flanigen 10萬美元的終身成就獎，她的成就是創造新一代的“分子篩”，也就是可以通過大小來分離分子。