職稱英語考試重點文章改編練習

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　Men Smell of Cheese and Women of Onions

　　男人聞出奶酪味，女人嗅出洋葱昧

教材原文：

Little girls may be made of sugar and all things nice, but their armpits smell of onions.______(l)That's the conclusion of research in Switzerland that involved taking armpit sweat samples from 24 men and 25 women after the had spent time in a sauna or ridden an exercise bike for 15 minute.

_______(2) “Men smell of cheese, and women of grapefruit or onion,” says Christian Starkenmann of Firmenich, a company in Geneva that researches flavours and perfumes for food and cosmetics companies.

The team found that the women’s armpit sweat contained relatively high levels of an odourless sulphur-containning compound-5 milligrams per milliliter of sweat versus 0.5 milligrams in men.

When the researchers mixed this compound in the lab with bacteria commonly found in the armpit, the bugs turned it into a thiol-a previously discovered odour from armpits that is akin to onion2.

“The more sulphur precursor we added, the more intense was the malodour," says Starkenmann, whose team's results appear in Chemical Senses.______(3)

The men, meanwhile, had relatively high levels of an odourless fatty acid which turned into a cheesy odour when exposed to the same types of bacteria. The balance of oniony to cheesy precursors in women's sweat made it smell worse than men's as rated by independent smell assessors.

______(4) "We could make inhibitors that neutralise the precursors, or block the bacterial enzymes that do the conversion," says Starkenmann.

Some researchers are sceptical that gender is the main deciding factor, arguing that the patterns found in Swiss volunteers might not apply to other populations with different diets and genetic background.______ (5)

文章中文翻譯：

男人聞出奶酪味，女人嗅出洋葱昧

小女孩聞起來可能有糖、香料和所有好東西的味道，但是她們的腋下卻聞起來像洋葱。

男人的腋下雖然沒有鼻涕蟲或者蝸牛的味道，但是卻有一股奶酪的氣味。這是一項來自瑞士的研究結論，研究中的24位男士和25位女士在一段時間的桑拿浴或 15分鐘的騎車鍛鍊後，腋下的氣味被收集作為樣本。

研究者發現男人和女人腋下的氣味有很大不同。“男人的聞起來更像奶酪，女人的聞起來更像葡萄柚或洋葱”，來自Firmenich公司的Christian Starkenmann説道。Firmenich是一家位於日內瓦，為食物和化粧品研究香味和香水的公司。

研究團隊發現女人腋下的氣味中含有高濃度無味的含硫合成物——每毫升的氣味中有5毫克，而男人腋下的氣味中只有0.5毫克。當研究者在實驗室中把這種合成物與在腋下普遍存在的細菌混合在一起時，小蟲子立刻變成硫醇——之前在腋下發現的一種類似洋葱味道的氣味。

“我們加入越多的硫前體，惡臭味就越濃烈”，Starkenmann説。他的團隊的研究結果出現在了Chemical Senses中，細菌酶把另一種無味的前體轉化為惡臭味。

同時，男人有相對高含量的無味脂肪酸，當它暴露在同一種類型的細菌中時，它 又被轉化成了奶酪的氣味。當單獨測試氣味時，女人氣味中的洋葱味對奶酪味的平衡使得這種氣味聞起來比男人的更糟。

接下來，這個團隊希望能為除臭劑發明出新的原料來對抗這種氣味。“我們要用抑制劑來中和這種前體，或者阻擋細菌酶來融合這種前體”，Starkenmann説。

一些研究者懷疑性別是主要決定因素，他們認為在瑞士志願者身上發現的模式可能不適用於其他有着不同飲食、基因背景的人。“其他因素包括你吃什麼，用什麼洗，穿什麼，遺傳什麼樣的`基因”，來自英國加的夫大學的Tim Jacob説道。

練習 :

A Bacterial enzymes turn the otherwise odourless precursor into the malodour.

B And while free of slug or snail odours, men’s armpits pack a powerful cheesy whiff.

C Most cases of skin odor is associated with break down of the compounds found in sweat by bacteria that live on the skin.

D Nest, the team hope to develop new ingredients for deodorants that fight the smells.

E The researchers found marked differences in the sweat from men and women.

F “ Other factors include what you eat, what you wash with, what you weat and what genes you inherit,” says Tim Jacob of Cardiff University in the UK.

改編為閲讀理解題目：

1.問：來自瑞士的一項研究結論是什麼?

What's the conclusion of the research in Switzerland?

答：小女孩聞起來可能有糖、香料和所有好東西的味道，但是她們的腋下卻聞起來像洋葱。男人的腋下雖然沒有鼻涕蟲或者蝸牛的味道，但是卻有一股奶酪的氣味。這是一項來自瑞士的研究結論。

Little girls may be made of sugar and all things nice, but their armpits smell of onions. And while free of slug or snail odours, men’s armpits pack a powerful cheesy whiff. That's the conclusion of research in Switzerland.

2. 問：文中第2段“lavours”中文意思是什麼?

What does the word “lavours” in the second paragraph mean in Chinese?

答：香水

3.問：文章中“Firmenich”公司是做什麼的?

What does the Firmenich company do?

答：Firmenich是一家位於日內瓦，為食物和化粧品研究香味和香水的公司。

It is a company in Geneva that researches flavours and perfumes for food and cosmetics companies.

4. 問：是什麼導致男人和女人腋下有氣味?

What leads to armpit odor among men and women?

答：含硫合成物。

The team found that the women’s armpit sweat contained relatively high levels of anodourless sulphur.

5. 導致男人和女人腋下氣味不同的原因是什麼?

What’s the cause that causes male and female underarm odor unlike?

因為女人腋下的氣味中含有高濃度無味的含硫合成物——每毫升的氣味中有5毫克，而男人腋下的氣味中只有0.5毫克。

The team found that the women’s armpit sweat contained relatively high levels of an odourless sulphur—containing compound—5 milligrams per milliliter of sweat versus 0.5 milligrams in men.

6.問：為什麼男人腋下的氣味相對好聞一些?

Why does man armpit smell relatively better?

答：男人有相對高含量的無味脂肪酸，當它暴露在同一種類型的細菌中時，它又被轉化成了奶酪的氣味。

The men, meanwhile, had relatively high levels of an odourless fatty acid which turned into a cheesy odour when exposed to the same types of bacteria.

7. 問：研究團隊研究的目的是什麼?

What’s the purpose of research team?

答：希望能為除臭劑發明出新的原料來對抗這種氣味。

Nest, the team hopes to develop new ingredients for deodorants that fight the smells.

8.問：作為研究對象的志願者來自哪個國家?

Where do the volunteer subjects come from?

答：瑞士。

9. 問：有些研究者懷疑什麼?

What do some researchers suspect?

答：一些研究者懷疑性別是主要決定因素，他們認為在瑞士志願者身上發現的模式可能不適用於其他有着不同飲食、基因背景的人。

Some researchers are skeptical that gender is the main deciding factor, arguing that the patterns found in Swiss volunteers might not apply to other populations with different diets and genetic background.

10.問：這篇文章主要討論了什麼?

What’s the theme of the article?

答：男人和女人腋下的氣味有很大不同：小女孩聞起來像洋葱，男人卻有一股奶酪的氣味。

The researchers found marked differences in the sweat from men and women. Men smell of cheese, and women of grapefruit or onion.

這篇文章，有點科普意味，根據原文，我們改編了10個閲讀理解題目，考試中可能會根據這些點來設置題目，大家一定要擦亮眼睛，找到正確選項，得分!