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英語口語:在職教育和職業發展

Grammar 語法小結

英語口語:在職教育和職業發展

部分倒裝

倒裝是一種語法手段,用以表示一定句子結構的需要和強調某一句子成分的需要。英語的最基本結構是主語、謂語結構,倒裝就是將這種比較固定的結構加以顛倒。倒裝有兩種:完全倒裝和部分倒裝。只把謂語的一部分(如助動詞、情態動詞等)放到主語前,或把句子的強調成分提前,叫做部分倒裝

Only once was John late to class.

約翰只遲到了一次。

Were she to leave right now, she would get there on Sunday.

它如果現在馬上走,能在星期天到達。

1.以否定詞開頭的句子要求部分倒裝

Not until yesterday did John change his mind.

直到昨天約翰才改變主意。

2.以否定副詞barely, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely…when, never, no sooner…than, rarely, no more, nor nearly, not only, only開頭且狀語前置的句子要求部分倒裝

Only in this way can you solve this problem.

只有用這種方法,你才可以解決這個問題。

No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我剛到家就下起了雨。

1.如果現在就開始,明天就能完成工作。

2.只有在家的時候,她才感到快樂。

3.她一見到男朋友就哭了起來。

4.只有用這種方法,你才能實現夢想。

5.直道今天他才意識到自己錯了。

sooner had she met her boyfriend than she burst into tears.

until today did he realize that he was wrong.

at home can she feel happy.

it started now , the work will be finished tomorrow.

in this way can you make your dream come true.

道歉是否真心:sorry,apologize,excuse me地道用法

Apologies 真正的道歉

With apologies, you admit to doing something to upset another person. 如果你做出道歉,那就表示你承認自己做了某些打攪到別人的事。

Apologies can be informal:

Sorry一詞比較口語,多用於非正式化的道歉,例如:

I am sorry that I was late. 對不起我遲到了。

I shouldn't have done that. Sorry, I'll never do it again. 我不該做出那種事的。對不起,以後不會了。

Apologies can be formal:

Apology(名詞)以及apologize(動詞)常用於正式化的道歉,例如:

I do apologize for this interruption, Mr Jones. 很抱歉打斷你了,瓊斯先生。

Mr Jones sends his apologies for not attending the meeting. 瓊斯先生為不能出席會議致歉。

Things to say with apologies:

① 解釋原因:

We apologise for the delay, which has been caused by a traffic jam. 很抱歉,我們因為堵車而延誤了時間

I'm sorry about my homework, Ms Li, the dog ate it. 李老師,對不起我沒交作業,它被狗吃掉了。

② 表示並非有意而為之:

I'm sorry. I didn't mean to wake you up. 對不起,我不是故意吵醒你的。

可以用提問的方式:

Oh, I'm so sorry. Are you ok? 噢對不起,你沒事吧?

Sorry I'm late. Were you waiting long? 對不起我來晚了,等很久了嗎?

也可以用感歎句:

Oh no! I do apologise. Let me help you pick it up. 噢不!非常抱歉,我幫你撿起來吧。

③ 插入一些詞加強道歉的語氣:

I'm sorry.

I'm very sorry.

I'm really very sorry.

I'm really so very sorry.

I'm really so very sorry indeed.

I apologise.

I do apologise.

I do most sincerelyapologise.

I do most sincerely and abjectlyapologise.

Excuse me

We say Sorry because we feel bad that someone is upset. We Excuse me if we think we are about to upset someone. 因為打攪到別人而難過,我們説Sorry;因為將要打攪到別人,我們説Excuse me。例如:

Excuse me, do you have the time? 對不起,能佔用你一點時間嗎?

另外可以用please來加強語氣,例如:

Excuse me please, I need to get off. 對不起(讓一下),我要下車。

* 這裏要説明下,在Sorry和Excuse me的使用上,英英和美英是有區別的:

英國人很喜歡用Sorry,所以有時他們會用Sorry代替Excuse me,例如:I'm sorry, but do you think you could move your car?

而美語中則可以用Excuse me表示Sorry的意思,例如:Excuse me, I didn't see you there.

又如,當你沒有聽清或理解別人的話時,英國人用"Pardon?"或者"Sorry?";美國人則用"Pardon?"或者"Excuse me?"。

Not really apologizing 看似道歉非道歉

① 道歉是為了攻擊:

有時人們在發起攻擊性言論前會先説句道歉,有時他們跟你説對不起其實是説你應該向他們道歉。例如:

Excuse me, you are sitting in my place. 不好意思,你坐的是我的位子。

如果是真的.道歉,那麼所使用的語調應為降調,所以如果你聽到的"sorry"是升調,那就表示對方是在攻擊你;另外,非道歉的道歉常常會加上一個but,例如:

I'm sorry, but you will have to leave. 不好意思,但你必須離開。

② 道歉是為了引出壞事:

I'm sorry, your car needs expensive repairs. 抱歉,你的車修理起來要很多錢。

I'm sorry to say he won't pass the exam. 抱歉,我不得不説他考試肯定不及格。

③ 道歉只是表示遺憾:

Sorry一詞不一定表示道歉,有時它只表示遺憾、悲歎、懊悔。你希望某些已經發生了的事從未發生,所以你説Sorry。例如:

I'm sorry to hear about your accident. 聽説你出了事故我很難過。

I feel sorry for people with no homes. 我為那些沒地方住的人感到悲哀。

對於Sorry的兩種意思,我們可以通過丘吉爾在國會上致歉時説的一句妙語來感受下,你能讀出其中的雙重含義嗎:You say that I called you an idiot. It is true and I am sorry.

此句中的"It"和"sorry"都可以有2種理解,於是就可以得到2句意思完全不同的話:a. 你説我把你叫做白痴,確有此事,我對我所説的表示道歉。b. 你説我把你叫做白痴,你確實就是個白痴,我為你感到難過。