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專四寫作便條範文解析

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專四寫作便條範文解析

  一、TEM4便條的基本要求

(一) 格式(format)正確TEM4便條的格式與普通英文書信格式基本相同。

具體來説,它應有日期(date)、稱呼 (saluwfion)、正文(body)及結尾(ending),結尾包括結尾套語(complimentary close)和簽名(signature)。

1.日期指寫便條的日期。英文便條與漢語便條的日期寫的地方有別,前者的日期一般寫在便條的右上角,偶爾也見寫在便條的左上角,而後者的日期則寫在便條的右下角,即寫在簽名的下面。英文日期與漢語日期的寫法也有不同,漢語一般先寫年,然後再寫月、日,而英文則一般把年份寫在月、日的後面。另外,英文日期的月、日與年之間通常用逗號隔開。例如,2008年4月21日通常寫成April 21,2008或April 21 st,2008;當然,由於是非正式書信,也可以去掉年份,寫成Ap l 2l或April 21st(不過,這種寫法,只是最近兩年才被TEM4接受),或者寫成21/4/2008或4/21/2008。日期能説明便條的有效度,沒有日期,則會使人感到茫然。

2.稱呼稱呼是指寫便條人對收便條人的稱謂,一般都以Dear開頭,寫在日期下一兩行、留出左頁邊空白,頂格寫。TEM4試卷中一般對寫便條人與收便條人之間的關係作了提示。提示中的“you”指的是寫便條人,提到的另一方便是收便條人。稱呼時,一般只需在其名字前加Dear即可,如 Dear Susan,Dear Tom。若此人有頭銜(social title),稱呼時,便要保留其頭銜,例如e,要稱Dear ce,不稱Dear Pierce。如果提示中的另一方是以Mrs Wang或Mr Wang出現,稱呼時也只需在其前加Dear便可,即稱DearMrs Wang或Dear MrWang,若只稱Dear Wang則視為不妥。當對方為親屬時,在Dear 後面加上表示親屬關係大寫的字眼即可,如Dear Grandpa,Dear Aunt。值得一提的是,近年來TEM4也接受不帶Dear的稱呼。稱呼後面可用逗號,也可用冒號。

3.正文正文是寫便條人要敍述或談論的事情,是便條的主要組成部分。一般書信是在稱呼下方隔兩行處開始寫正文。但就TEM4便條而言,一般在稱呼的下一行開始寫正文便可。正文的首行左邊一般留約5個字母寬的空白,但也可頂格寫。便條的內容簡單、字數少,因此,正文一般只需寫一段或兩段。若有兩段,第二段的首行應與第一段的首行對齊寫。

4.結尾如前所述,結尾包括結尾套語和簽名。

(1)結尾套語結尾套語的位置一般是在正文最後一行的下面,從便條的中央部分開始,稍向右縮進。當然,若正文的開頭是往左頂格寫,此時的結尾套語也應往左頂格寫。開頭字母要大寫,末尾要用逗號。結尾套語為寫便條人對收便條人的謙稱或客套以示禮貌,措辭的變化按照不同的關係而定。

現分述如下:

1.致不熟悉的人,宜用較莊重的套語,如Yours sincerely,Sincerely yours,或Sincerely等。

2.對上級、長者,除了可用上述較莊重的套語,也可用Yours respectfully或Respectfully yours。

3.對一般朋友或熟人可用1.中提到的較莊重的套語語,也可用Yours等較為隨便的套語。

4.對密友則採用較隨便的套語為宜。例如,Yours,Love,With love,Best wishes,Best regards等等。

5.對親屬可用下列任何一種:Love,With love,All my love,Yours affectionately,Affectionately yours,Lovingly yours,Yours lovingly,Your loving son(Dad?);但對親人,不宜用Sincerely yours~由於TEM4便條寫作一般是針對考生日常生活或學習相關的事情,寫作的對象一般是其朋友、老師、熟人,因此,TEM4通常只接受Yours sincerely,Sincerely yours,Sincerely,或Yours這幾種結尾套語。

(2)簽名即寫便條人署名,位於結尾套語下,偏右。若結尾套語是往左頂格寫,這時的署名也應往左頂格寫。簽名也由寫便條人和收便條人的關係和親疏程度而定。有時TEM4指定了寫便條人的名字,簽名時應採用那個名字。若無指定名字,考生也不宜用自己的真名。一般只需寫名不寫姓,但若用了較莊重的結尾套語,此時可籤全名。

(二)內容完整一般而言,一封理想的TEM4便條應包括以下三點:

(1)寫便條的原因;

(2)要告訴的事情;

(3)有關的希望、建議或要求等。便條寫作提示的情況都是與人們日常生活或學習相關的事情。例如,對別人提供的幫助表示感謝,邀請朋友參觀書展,因不能準時赴約而表示道歉,把信息轉告給朋友等。所提示的內容就是考生要表達的思想內容。思想內容有先後之分,要講究其邏輯性,還得注意其完整性。生活中有些約定俗成的東西,寫作時,應考慮這方面的因素。例如,寫道歉信時,一般都先向對方表示歉意或內疚,同時説明發生疏忽、過失、或錯誤的原因,提出彌補的.辦法,這樣有利於取得對方的諒解。現以近年一次英語專業四級考試便條寫作為例加以説明:該提示是:Yesterday you failed to turn up for the appointment with your teacher,Professor e him a note of apology and make a request for another u should also suggest the time for the requested meting.仔細閲讀這一提示,你就會發現,第一句為第二旬所要求的道歉確定了內容;為了求得對方的諒解,獲得另一次會面的機會,你就必須説明前次未能赴約見面的原因。

因此,本便條的內容必須包括以下四項:

(1)apologizing for failure to turn up for the appointment,

(2)the reason for failure to turn up,

(3)making a request for another meeting,

(4)suggesting the time for the requested meeting。其中(3)、(4)為提示中明確要求表達的內容,(1)、(2)則是根據道歉類書信特點而必須表達的內容。內容為便條寫作的重頭戲。寫作時,切莫忽視提示中的任何信息,同時要關注交際中所需的相關信息。當然,在注意提示中的信息時,特別是首句,要注意用自己正確的語言來表達,不能完全抄提示,否則會扣分。

(三)語言得體內容和語言是一個統一體。內容抓住後,應以恰當的語言來表達。一般來説,便條的語言要簡單明嘹,用詞平易。當然,語言風格還應與情景一致,不同的對象,所使用的語言應有所不同。相對來説,對上級、長者、不熟悉的人的語言較為正式,對親朋好友的語言則較為隨便。不過,不管對方是誰,行文中都應體現態度誠懇禮貌。

(四)字數符合要求TEM4便條總字數(包括日期、稱呼、結尾在內)的要求是約50—60個字。儘管在這數字之間還可以少l0字,或多20字,即40-80字,不過,還是篇幅適中為好,以免因顯得太短或太長而扣分。二TEM4便條寫作中常見的問題便條寫作中常見的問題主要表現在格式、內容、語言等方面。

1.格式方面

日期部分往往被漏掉,或漏掉日期中年與月、日之間的逗號,或在日期後面加點,或按漢語的順序寫成(如2006年4月22日,寫成April 22 2006;April 22,2006.;2006.5.9;其正確形式請參照前文的相應部分),或按漢語習慣把它寫在簽名的下面。2.稱呼未往左頂格寫,或與日期同寫一行;稱呼後面打句號,或未打逗號或冒號。把結尾套語和簽名同寫一行,或漏寫結尾套語,或漏掉結尾套語後面的逗號。

2.內容方面便條的內容雖簡單,但漏掉必須表達的內容的情況時有發生。

例如,在前文提到的那次TEM4便條寫作,考生對未赴約的原因應加以説明,可不少考生只寫瞭如下相似內容的便條:I am very sorry for missing yesterday’s appointment,so I do hope we can mak ean other ay evening is convenient for me.W hat about you?內容方面還因理解不透,或自立標準而導致交際不成功的情況也不鮮見。還是以前文提到的那次TEM4便條寫作為例,評分取樣的九份答卷中就有三份類似的例子。其中一份這樣寫道,“I’m very glad to receive your t our appointment I think we can change an other e tomorrow,1 will be fre an d stay at home all uarealsofreetomorrow ,you can call me at 1 will visit you?”該提示要寫一封簡短的道歉信,而這位考生的答案卻與此大相徑庭,信中絲毫沒有流露出道歉的意念。

3.語言方面便條中的語言錯誤可分為理解和表達兩大類,主要體現在措辭、語法、拼寫等方面。

措辭不當措辭不當在這裏既指一般遣詞造句中出現的語言運用錯誤 (performance erors),又指因未按TEM4便條測試中提供的語境遣詞造句而產生的語用失誤(pragmatic failures),還指因忽視對方的社會或文化背景差異而造成的語用失誤。此類問題在TEM4便條寫作中相當嚴重。我們還是以前文提到的那次TEM4便條寫作為例;鑑於篇幅,且舉三例:(1) 在1 would appreciate you if you could have another meeting with me這句話中,appreciate後面的賓語不妥。只要細心的讀者翻閲一下詞典,就會發現appreciate(感謝)的英文釋義是be grateful for(something),若把句中的you改為it(代表後面那件事),或把appreciate改為be grateful to,或把appreciate you改為be grateful,這句話就對了。(2)考生在便條的開頭就對因病未能與王教授約會表示道歉後,接着寫道:I'm anxious to make an appointment with you.而根據上下文應該是,I'm anxious to make another appointment with you(??與你另訂一次約會)。(3)你(寫便條人)自己因某種原因而沒去赴約,況且約會的對象是你的老師,事後還要命令對方到你家來見你,或以命令的 IZl吻表示要給你打電話。象“You must come to my home”,或‘'Give me a call to discuss it further'’這類話有失禮貌,使人讀後感到不舒服。

2.語法錯誤便條中的語法錯誤有多種,常見的有冠詞、詞性、動詞的時與體、句子結構等錯誤。(1)冠詞錯誤,如I'm anxious to make a(應為an)appointment with you.(2)詞性錯誤,如I must make an apologize(正確為apology)for failing to turn up for the appointment.(3)動詞的時與體等方面的錯誤,例如: you will be(應把will be改為are)free tomorrow, we shall meet again.b.I am sorry to fail(正確為to have failed而不是tofall,因事情已發生)to turn up for the appointment yesterday.(4)句子結構錯誤,例如:I'm very sorry.I didn’t turn up for the appointment with you. Because my mother was seriously ill yesterday and I had to take her to see the doctor(應改為I'm very sorry I didn’t turn up for the appointment with you yesterday because my mother was seriously ill and I had to take her to see the doctor).

3.拼寫錯誤與別的主觀題一樣,便條寫作中拼寫錯誤數見不鮮。例如:professor---,profesor/profesor;convenient-* conveint/convinen~convinient; recejve—} recieve; appointment ---~apointment/pointment.

二、常見模板

1.邀請便條:

(1)發出邀請

發出邀請a

April 20, 2008

Dear Fiona,

I am going to hold a dinner party with several other friends of ours. The party will be held in Room 6 of Lijing Hotel at 5:00 p.m. today, I sincerely hope you can attend and we will have a very happy time together. Please let me know whether you can make it.

Yours,

Amelia

發出邀請b

April 20, 2008

Dear Fiona,

Here is a piece of good news for you. The * will give a performance in the * tomorrow evening. I am sure that you will be happy to watch it performance will begin at seven o’clock sharp. I will wait for you at the theater entrance. Please let me know whether you can make it at your earliest convenience.

發出邀請c

April 20, 2008

Dear Professor Zhou,

I am Amelia from class 052; I need you to give me some suggestion on my project. If it doesn’t trouble you too much, shall we have a meet at your office tomorrow? Time is up to you.

Respectful yours,

Amelia

發出邀請d(通知)

April 20, 2008

Dear girls and boys in Class 0403,

This Saturday evening, from 7 p.m. to 9 p. m., at Singeing dining hall, there will be a ball held by Class 0301. We warmly invite you to take part in it. There you can enjoy yourselves with dance, music and various games. And we’ll have a chance of communication, which will enhance the friendship between us. Come and enjoy ourselves together.

Yours, Mike

Monitor of Class 0301

(2)接受邀請

April 20, 2008

Dear Amelia,

It’s so kind of you to invite me to the dinner party, I would like to come. I will go to the place right after I finish my work at about 5 p.m. this evening. (如果是辦在家裏:I shall be very happy to call at your house right after I finish my work at 6:30 this evening.) Thank you again for your wonderful hospitality and I am looking forward to seeing you soon.

Yours,

Fiona

(3)拒絕邀請

April 20, 2008

Dear Amelia,

It’s so kind of you to invite me to the dinner party, I would like to but I have a meeting to attend this evening, please give my best regards to them all and I hope my absence will not cause you any serious inconvenience, have fun.

Yours, Amelia

2.請假條

April 20, 2008

Dear Ms. Jiang,

I am terribly sorry that I shall be unable to attend this morning two periods of English Class (I‘m terribly sorry to apply for ten days’ leave from the Aug. 23rd to Sep. 3rd)due to a bad cold and high fever. I will show you the certificate from the doctor to support my application. I will go back to school as soon as I recover.(I promise I will do my best to catch the missed lessons on after I come back.)Wish for your allowance.

Yours respectfully, Amelia

3.請求便條

a.講清事情的因由(為什麼請求) b.請求行為

c.請求實現方式 d.致謝

套句:

請求幫助: Would you do me a favor? Would you be so kind as to…?/ Could I trouble you to send this book for me?/ If it is not too troublesome, could you…?/ I hope this request will not trouble you too much.

範文:

April 20,2008

Dear Professor Hu,

I am very happy to have the chance to listen to your lecture on “American Literature”. But it is a pity that I was late that day due to an accident on my way to the lecture and failed to get the handout. Your lecture is really instructive for my English study, so I wonder if you could kindly e-mail the handout to the address: .Heartfelt thanks.

Respectfully yours,

Amelia

4.抱怨投訴便條(關鍵詞complain, dissatisfaction)

a.抱怨投訴行為 b.投訴內容具體描述

c.要求彌補糾正賠償 d.抱怨投訴者對彌補糾正賠償等的敦促或威脅

套句:

行為描述I’m writing to bring your attention to the problems I have had with … . Here’s the problem…

解決方式的要求:It would be very kind( considerate) of you to…address this problem soon. / take steps to rectify this situation soon. / turn it down a little?

敦促或威脅: Frankly, I really can’t put up with the situation any more. You must rectify the situation, or I will take it to the court. / If you can’t give me a satisfactory answer, I will complain it to the Consumer Association.