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定语从句的关系词作用

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定语从句的关系词作用

 一、定语从句中关系代词的作用和分类

1、关系代词的作用有三个:

(1)连接作用:关系代词引导从句,把从句和主句连接起来;

(2)替代作用:关系代词在从句中替代它前面的先行词;

(3)成分作用:关系代词在从句中总是充当句子成分。

2、关系代词的用法分类

(1)根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性; 关系代词的用法与分类有三点依据:

(2)根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物;

(3)根据它在从句中所充当的成分—主语、宾语、表语或定语。

在宾语从句中,关系代词的作用和分类是基础内容,所以同学们要想学好以后的内容,就必须先掌握好这部分内容。

二、定语从句关系代词有哪些

一 定语从句中关系代词的使用

⒈ 如果修饰人,一般用关系代词who,whom,whose 或that.在定语从句中作主语的一般用who或that,作宾语的一般用whom,who或that,作定语并具有物主性质的用whose.(在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可省略)

如:

①I don’t like people who/that get angry easily.

我不喜欢容易发脾气的人.

( 关系代词who/ that在定语从句中作主语,不可省略)

②Here is the man (whom/ who/ that) you want to see.

这就是你想见的人.

( 关系代词whom/ who/ that在定语从句中作宾语,可以省略)

③Is there anyone in your class whose home is in the northeast?

你班上有谁家在东北的?

( 关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语,不能省略)

注意:用who 还是whom ,完全根据它们本身在定语从句中的地位和作用而定,与先行词在主句中的作用无关.尤其要注意在带有插入语的定语从句中who和whom的选用.

如:

①The person who sent the letter had to pay the postage.

寄信人要付邮资.

( who sent the letter是定语从句,修饰person,who在定语从句中作主语,因此用主格)

②He is a man who I believe is honest.

他是一个我认为诚实的人.

( I believe是插入语,去掉该插入语剩下的便是He is a man who is honest,在语法及句意上都能成立,who是定语从句中动词is的.主语,故用主格,不用宾格whom.)

⒉ 如果修饰事物,用关系代词which 和that,作宾语时可省略.作介词宾语时,如果介词位于关系代词之前,则用which (不能省) ,而不用that(关系代词that既能代人,又能代物)e也可用来指物(此时可用of which来代替),在定语从句中作定语.

如:

①Don’t buy tomatoes that/ which are green.

不要买颜色还是青的西红柿.

( that/ which 在定语从句中作主语,不能省)

②The fish (that/ which) they sell are not fresh.

他们卖的鱼不新鲜.

( that/ which 在定语从句中作宾语,可以省)

③The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

= The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

门坏了的那个教室将很快修理.

④The tool with which he is working is called a saw.

=The tool (that/ which) he is working is called a saw.

他干活用的那个工具叫叫锯.

(介词with位于关系代词之前,须用which,不能省,也不能用that)

二 定语从句中关系副词的选用

⒈ when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,有时也可用介词+which来代替.

如:

I still remember the day when / on which I first came to Beijing.

我还记得我第一次来到北京那天的情景.

She came at a time when we needed her most.

她是在我们需要她的时候来的.

⒉ where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语,有时也可用介词+which来代替.

如:

That is the house where/ in which he lived ten years ago.

那是他十年前住过的房子.

I have found a peaceful place where/ in which we can study.

我找到了一个能学习的安静的地方.

⒊ why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,常可用for+ which来代替.

如:

I know the reason why/ for which she was so angry.

我知道她为什么那么生气.

Do you know the reason why/for which he came so late?

你知道他来得这么晚的原因吗?

◆应注意关系副词和关系代词在定语从句中的不同使用.

如:

* I’ll never forget the day when I went abroad myself.

我永远忘不了我独自出国的那一天.

( when在从句中代替时间状语on the day,我们可以把这个句子分解为I’ll never forget the day.I went abroad myself on the day.)

* We’ll never forget the days that we spent together.

我们永远也不会忘记我们在一起度过的那些日子.

(that 代替the day,在句中作spent的宾语,that可以省略.该句可分解为We’ll never forget the spent the days together.)

三 way 作先行词之后的定语从句

当“way”表示“方式、方法”在句中作先行词,后被一个定语从句修饰时,引导定语从句可用that ,也可用in which,或什么都不用.

如:

I don’t like the way that he laughed at me.

=I don’t like the way in which he laughed at me.

=I don’t like the way he laughed at me.

我不喜欢他用那种方式来嘲笑我.

四 time 之后的定语从句

time作先行词,前面如有序数词和last修饰时,引导定语从句不能用when,只能用that 或两者都不用.但前面如无序数词或last,常用when(有时也用that)引导定语从句.

如:

This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.

这是我最后一次给你们上课.

The first time I saw Premier Zhou was in 1958.

我第一次见周总理是在1958年.

I don’t know the exact time when the track and field meet will take place.

我不知道田径运动会举行的确切时间.