2017年职称英语考试卫生类B阅读理解训练题
2017年职称英语考试复习已经开始,yjbys网小编为大家提供了相应的练习题,以下是2017年职称英语考试卫生类B阅读理解训练题,供大家复习备考。【2017职称英语考试时间】
Older Volcanic Eruptions
Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.
Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do. He calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.
The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatones of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warming that followed wiped out 80 percent of all marine genera at the time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years. "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. He thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.
Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignall's idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.
1. Why did older volcanic eruptions do more damage than more recent ones?
A. Because they killed off life more easily.
B. Because they were brighter.
C. Because they were larger.
D. Because they were hotter.
2. How did Wignall calculate the killing power of those older volcanic eruptions?
A. By estimating how long they lasted.
B. By counting the dinosaurs they killed.
C. By studying the chemical composition of lava.
D. By comparing the proportion of life wiped out with the volume of lava produced.
3. When did dinosaurs become extinct?
A. 300 million years ago.
B. 250 million years ago.
C. 60 million years ago.
D. 65 million years ago.
4. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3 concerning dinosaurs?
A. They were killed offby an asteroid.
B. They died of drastic climate change.
C. They were wiped off by a volcanic eruption.
D. The cause of their extinction has remained a controversial issue.
5. What is the main thesis of the article?
A. Volcanic eruptions are not always deadly.
B. Older volcanic eruptions were more destructive.
C. Carbon dioxide emissions often give rise to global warming.
D. It is not easy to calculate the killing power of a volcanic eruption.
答案与解析:
1. A。细节题。题干:为什么远古的火山爆发比近期的火山爆发破坏性更大?利用题干关键词可以定位到第一段:古代的火山更具破坏力,不是因为它们更大,而是因为它们释放出的二氧化碳更能轻易地毁灭生命。
2. D。细节题。题干:Wignall是如何计算出远古火山爆发的杀伤力的?利用题干关键词可以定位到第二段。第二段有这样一句话:He calculated the“killing efficiency”for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced.(他通过比较火山释放出的.熔岩的体积与杀死生命的比例计算这些火山的杀伤力)。
3. D。细节题。题干:恐龙是什么时候灭绝的?利用题干关键词可以定位到第三段。其中有这么一句话:He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago,because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid.(他没有提及6500万年前恐龙的灭绝,因为许多科学家相信恐龙的灭绝是受一颗小行星的影响)。
4. D。细节题。题干:从第三段还可以推导出有关恐龙的什么样的信息?在讨论第三题的答案时,我们已经注意到了,Wignall没有提6500万年前恐龙的灭绝是否跟火山爆发有关,因为许多科学家相信恐龙的灭绝是受一颗小行星的影响。这就说明,关于恐龙灭绝的原因在科学家之间是有争议的。
5. B。主旨题。问题问的是:文章的主要论点是什么?答案在文章的第一句:Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history(古代火山更具破坏力)。
-
2021职称英语考试等级划分和适用范围
2021职称英语考试即将来临,为了帮助大家更好地报考职称英语,下面是小编提供给大家2021职称英语考试等级划分和适用范围,希望对大家有所帮助。职称英语类别、级别、专业及科目代码表摘自《人事部关于专业技术人员职称外语统一考试的通知》人发〔1998〕54号考试等级...
-
北京市2017年职称英与取消了吗
2017年北京职称英语考试有没有取消呢?小编可以肯定的告诉大家,没有。从2017年1月1日起,职称外语等级考试和计算机应用能力考试不作为申报职称评审的必备条件;由用人单位结合专业技术岗位需要,自主确定外语和计算机应用能力的聘任条件。北京市从2017年1月1日起职称...
-
职称英语综合B补全短文模拟题
英语作为文科科目当中的一个重要组成部分,需要记忆理解的东西比理科要多的多,所以复习的战线需要拉得更长,以下是小编为大家搜索整理的职称英语综合B补全短文模拟题,希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们应届毕业生考试网!补全短文(第46.50题,每题2分,,共...
-
职称英语真题卫生类A阅读理解
职称英语考试中,阅读理解能把握得怎么样,直接决定能不能及格。它是整个考试备考过程中最重要的一个环节。以下是小编整理的职称英语真题卫生类A阅读理解,供大家备考。职称英语真题卫生类A阅读理解1阅读理解ANewStrategytoOvercomeBreastCancer.Post-menopausal(绝...