荷蘭首都-阿姆斯特丹的英語文章閱讀
荷蘭首都-阿姆斯特丹
Amsterdam (Netherlands)
Amsterdam, seaport and principal city of the western Netherlands, in North Holland Province, near The Hague(海牙). Amsterdam is the country's constitutional capital; the real seat of government, however, is in The Hague. Amsterdam is divided by more than 80 km of canals into about 90 islands joined by about 400 bridges.
Amsterdam, chartered as a city in 1300, became a member of the Hanseatic League(漢薩同盟) in 1369. In the 17th century, after the successful conclusion of the Dutch wars for independence from Spain, Amsterdam became the chief commercial center of northern Europe. The city held this position until the late 18th century, when trade declined as a result of the silting(淤積;淤塞) of the Zuider Zee(須德海) and the British blockade before and during the Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815). In 1810 Napoleon incorporated the Netherlands into the French Empire. After his downfall(衰敗,垮臺) the Netherlands regained its independence and the seat of government was moved to The Hague. In the latter part of the 19th century, commercial activities revived with the opening of the North Sea and North Holland canals. During World War II (1939-1945), Amsterdam was occupied by the German army for five years. The people suffered great hardship and the port was badly damaged, but it has since been rebuilt and improved.
Amsterdam is one of the most important commercial centers in Europe. The city is a major port linked to the North Sea and other European countries by a network of railways and canals, notably the North Sea Canal, which is navigable(適於航行的)by oceangoing(遠洋航行的) vessels. Among leading industries in the city are shipbuilding, sugar refining, publishing, and the manufacture of heavy machinery, paper products, textiles and clothing, porcelain and glass, aircraft, automobiles, and chemicals. The city is also famous as a center for polishing and cutting diamonds and as the chief financial center of the Netherlands. A major European stock exchange is located in Amsterdam, as are the Bank of the Netherlands and several insurance firms.
Amsterdam has been an important center of European cultural life since the 17th century. The city is the site of the National Academy of Art, the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences, and the University of Amsterdam (1632). Its Rijksmuseum(阿姆斯特丹國立博物館) contains one of the largest collections of Dutch and Flemish paintings in the world, and its Stedelijk Museum(市立現代美術館) has an extensive collection of modern works. The Van Gogh Museum(凡·高博物館) includes about 800 works by 19th-century painter Vincent van Gogh(文森特 · 凡高)in its collection. Amsterdam is also noted as the home of the renowned 17th-century painter Rembrandt(倫布蘭特); his home is now a museum. The Concert-gebouw, completed in 1883, is the home of Amsterdam's renowned orchestra. The city has numerous examples of 16th- and 17th-century architecture, as well as two historic churches: Oude Kerk (Old Church), built about 1300, and Nieuwe Kerk (New Church), built in the 15th century. The royal palace, originally built in the 17th century as the town hall, stands on a large square in the center of the city.
-
紅樓夢讀書心得高中
我們從一些事情上得到感悟後,不如來好好地做個總結,寫一篇心得體會,這麼做可以讓我們不斷思考不斷進步。那麼心得體會怎麼寫才恰當呢?下面是小編為大家整理的紅樓夢讀書心得高中,歡迎大家借鑑與參考,希望對大家有所幫助。紅樓夢讀書心得高中1滿紙荒唐言,一把辛酸淚。...
-
大學生社群志願服務社會實踐報告(精選5篇)
忙碌而又充實的社會實踐已經告一段落了,相信大家這段時間來吸收了不少的新思想,是時候進行一個全面的總結了。千萬不能認為實踐報告隨便應付就可以,以下是小編收集整理的大學生社群志願服務社會實踐報告,希望對大家有所幫助。大學生社群志願服務社會實踐報告篇1愛...
-
《孩子你慢慢來》的讀後感範文(通用28篇)
當仔細品讀一部作品後,相信大家都有很多值得分享的東西,現在就讓我們寫一篇走心的讀後感吧。到底應如何寫讀後感呢?下面是小編為大家收集的《孩子你慢慢來》的讀後感範文(通用28篇),僅供參考,大家一起來看看吧。《孩子你慢慢來》的讀後感篇1《孩子你慢慢來》向我們展...
-
2023年山東大學聯考志願填報指南
俗話說“三分考,七分報”,大學聯考分數固然重要,但是填報志願這個環節更為重要。我們應該提前瞭解大學聯考志願填報的相關資訊,從而避免風險。下面是小編收集並整理的2023年山東大學聯考志願填報指南,歡迎大家收藏和閱讀。2023山東大學聯考志願填報指南山東省新大學聯考常規考生96個平行...