職稱英語狀語從句知識
職稱考試1.94W
在句子中起狀語作用的句子叫做狀語從句。狀語從句可以位於句首、句中或句末。位於句首時,從句末通常有逗號與主句隔開;位於句中時,從句的前後都必須有逗號;位於句末時,從句的前面可以不用逗號。狀語從句按意義可分為時間、地點、原因、條件、讓步、方式、比較、目的和結果等狀語從句。狀語從句由從屬連詞引導。
1.時間狀語從句
引導時間狀語從句的連詞有:after,as,before,once,since,till,until,when,whenever,
now (that),as soon as,as long as,no sooner…than等。
有些名詞短語也可以引導狀語從句,如:
every time,the moment,the instant. When I saw her,she was watching closely at the photo on the wall. As the sun rose,the fog dispersed. The instant he received the letter,he started off at once. Every time he went to Beijing,he used to visit the Great Wall. as,when和while都可以表示主句中動作發生的背景,也可以表示主句的動作與從句的動作同時發生,如:
As he stood there,he heard what they were talking about. I stood up and wanted to go out,when she came in. till和until在主句謂語為持續性動詞的肯定式時,作“直到……為止”解,在主句謂語為瞬間動詞的否定式時作“直到……才”解,如:
Let‘s wait till / until the rain stops. I did not begin work till / until he had gone. once,directly,the moment,the instant和as soon as都作“一…就”解,通常可以互換,如:
Once you understand this,you will surely make rapid progress in your study.由副詞加從屬連詞no sooner…than,hardly / barely / scarcely…when等引導的時 間狀語從句,如果no sooner,hardly,barely,scarcely前置句首,主語與謂語須用倒裝結構。如:
Hardly had the film started when they came. No sooner had we reached the top of the hill than we all sat down to rest.
2. 地點狀語從句
地點狀語從句通常由where,wherever引導,如:
Where there is a will,there is a way. She painted wherever she happened to be.從屬連詞還能與any,no,every等一起構成複合句,引導地點狀語從句。如:
Everywhere you go,you will be warmly welcomed.
3. 方式狀語從句
引導方式狀語從句的連詞有as,as if,as though等,從句通常位於主句之後,如:
He had never blushed as she blushed then.(as作“按照”或“像”解。)
as if和as though都做“好像”解,兩者可以互換,從句既可用陳述語氣(表示可能符合事實的情況),又可用虛擬語氣(表示與事實不符的情況),如:
I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday. His mother loves me as if / as though I were her daughter.
4. 條件狀語從句
引導條件狀語從句的連詞有:if,unless,as / so long as,suppose (that),supposing (that),in case,when等。條件狀語從句可以分為真實條件狀語從句和非真實條件狀語從句。
⑴真實條件句:真實條件句表示現實或可能的情況,由if引導,它的主句可以是陳述句,疑問句或祈使句,可置於主句之前或之後。
If you heat ice,it melts. If it rained,I went by bus. unless引導的否定條件狀語從句,在意義上相當於if…not,如:
Don‘t come unless I telephone. as / so long as,provided / providing (that)意為“只要、如果”,如:
You can borrow this pen as long as you can keep it well. in case在英國英語中表示目的,在美國英語中可表示條件,意為“如果、萬一”,如:
In case the house burns down,we‘ll get the insurance money.
⑵非真實條件句請參閲第十一章“虛擬語氣”。
5.讓步狀語從句
引導讓步狀語從句的連詞有:although,though,even if,even though,if,for all that,when,while,whether…or,whatever,no matter what等。
although和though意義一樣,都作“雖然、即使”解,都表示讓步,一般情況下可互換使用,只是although語氣較重,大多置於句首。如:
They are generous though they are poor. Although he was Japanese,he spent most of his life in China. even if
和even though都作“即使”解,兩者可以互換使用,如:
She insisted on her own opinion even though / even if he was wrong. if作“即使、雖然”解,也表示讓步,如:
If he is wrong,he is honest. whether…or作“不論……是否”或“不論……還是”解,如:
You don‘t have to worry me whether I am well or ill.為了強調讓步意義,在正式文體或文學作品中,常用as引導讓步從句,從句的補語或狀語置於句首。如:
Tall as he was,he couldn‘t reach the top of the shelf. Strong as you may be,you cannot lift it.詞尾為-ever的wh-詞可以與“no matter wh-詞”互換使用,作“無論……”解,後者常用於口語中,如:
Whoever / No matter who rings,tell him I‘m out. Wherever / No matter where he is,he will be thinking of you.由whenever,wherever,however引導的從句,也可以分別看作時 間狀語從句、地點狀語從句和方式狀語從句。把它們當作讓步狀語從句是因為它們常有no matter when (where,how)的含義。
6.原因狀語從句
原因狀語從句通常由because,since,as,when now (that),seeing (that),considering (that)等引導。
because,since和as三者的區別如下:
1.時間狀語從句
引導時間狀語從句的連詞有:after,as,before,once,since,till,until,when,whenever,
now (that),as soon as,as long as,no sooner…than等。
有些名詞短語也可以引導狀語從句,如:
every time,the moment,the instant. When I saw her,she was watching closely at the photo on the wall. As the sun rose,the fog dispersed. The instant he received the letter,he started off at once. Every time he went to Beijing,he used to visit the Great Wall. as,when和while都可以表示主句中動作發生的背景,也可以表示主句的動作與從句的動作同時發生,如:
As he stood there,he heard what they were talking about. I stood up and wanted to go out,when she came in. till和until在主句謂語為持續性動詞的肯定式時,作“直到……為止”解,在主句謂語為瞬間動詞的否定式時作“直到……才”解,如:
Let‘s wait till / until the rain stops. I did not begin work till / until he had gone. once,directly,the moment,the instant和as soon as都作“一…就”解,通常可以互換,如:
Once you understand this,you will surely make rapid progress in your study.由副詞加從屬連詞no sooner…than,hardly / barely / scarcely…when等引導的時 間狀語從句,如果no sooner,hardly,barely,scarcely前置句首,主語與謂語須用倒裝結構。如:
Hardly had the film started when they came. No sooner had we reached the top of the hill than we all sat down to rest.
2. 地點狀語從句
地點狀語從句通常由where,wherever引導,如:
Where there is a will,there is a way. She painted wherever she happened to be.從屬連詞還能與any,no,every等一起構成複合句,引導地點狀語從句。如:
Everywhere you go,you will be warmly welcomed.
3. 方式狀語從句
引導方式狀語從句的連詞有as,as if,as though等,從句通常位於主句之後,如:
He had never blushed as she blushed then.(as作“按照”或“像”解。)
as if和as though都做“好像”解,兩者可以互換,從句既可用陳述語氣(表示可能符合事實的情況),又可用虛擬語氣(表示與事實不符的情況),如:
I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday. His mother loves me as if / as though I were her daughter.
4. 條件狀語從句
引導條件狀語從句的連詞有:if,unless,as / so long as,suppose (that),supposing (that),in case,when等。條件狀語從句可以分為真實條件狀語從句和非真實條件狀語從句。
⑴真實條件句:真實條件句表示現實或可能的情況,由if引導,它的主句可以是陳述句,疑問句或祈使句,可置於主句之前或之後。
If you heat ice,it melts. If it rained,I went by bus. unless引導的否定條件狀語從句,在意義上相當於if…not,如:
Don‘t come unless I telephone. as / so long as,provided / providing (that)意為“只要、如果”,如:
You can borrow this pen as long as you can keep it well. in case在英國英語中表示目的,在美國英語中可表示條件,意為“如果、萬一”,如:
In case the house burns down,we‘ll get the insurance money.
⑵非真實條件句請參閲第十一章“虛擬語氣”。
5.讓步狀語從句
引導讓步狀語從句的連詞有:although,though,even if,even though,if,for all that,when,while,whether…or,whatever,no matter what等。
although和though意義一樣,都作“雖然、即使”解,都表示讓步,一般情況下可互換使用,只是although語氣較重,大多置於句首。如:
They are generous though they are poor. Although he was Japanese,he spent most of his life in China. even if
和even though都作“即使”解,兩者可以互換使用,如:
She insisted on her own opinion even though / even if he was wrong. if作“即使、雖然”解,也表示讓步,如:
If he is wrong,he is honest. whether…or作“不論……是否”或“不論……還是”解,如:
You don‘t have to worry me whether I am well or ill.為了強調讓步意義,在正式文體或文學作品中,常用as引導讓步從句,從句的補語或狀語置於句首。如:
Tall as he was,he couldn‘t reach the top of the shelf. Strong as you may be,you cannot lift it.詞尾為-ever的wh-詞可以與“no matter wh-詞”互換使用,作“無論……”解,後者常用於口語中,如:
Whoever / No matter who rings,tell him I‘m out. Wherever / No matter where he is,he will be thinking of you.由whenever,wherever,however引導的從句,也可以分別看作時 間狀語從句、地點狀語從句和方式狀語從句。把它們當作讓步狀語從句是因為它們常有no matter when (where,how)的含義。
6.原因狀語從句
原因狀語從句通常由because,since,as,when now (that),seeing (that),considering (that)等引導。
because,since和as三者的區別如下:
-
2015年期貨從業人員發展前景如何
期貨從業人員發展前景近年來期貨業獎金、工資齊漲所帶動的新一輪漲薪潮,甚至有期貨公司為激勵員工,承諾在基本薪酬上給以幅度超過10%的一次性漲薪。有業內專業人士表示,工資、獎金齊漲,一方面反映出期貨業持續看好的就業前景,也側面體現出期貨業人才的頻頻告急。在...
-
如何輕鬆通過2017年心理諮詢師考試
導語:如何輕鬆通過2017年心理諮詢師考試?要想成為一名合格的心理諮詢師,自己的心理素質也必要要過硬哦,大家跟着本站小編一起來看看相關內容吧。一、有條不紊的準備報名報名前一週準備好相關的心理諮詢師報考材料,檢查學歷證書和身份證等基本材料是否完整,如有遺失,...
-
中級經濟師《房地產專業知識》第一章複習重點
導語:在中級經濟師的考試中,關於《房地產專業知識》的第一章相關內容大家都知道是什麼嗎?下面本站小編為大家整理了一些重要知識點,需要複習的小夥伴們一起來看看吧。第一章房地產經濟基本理論1、房地產與其他財產、資產、商品等的最大不同是位置固定、不可移動。...
-
統計學中關於數據類型的相關內容
導語:統計學中數據類型有哪些你知道嗎?出力定性變量、分類變量和順序變量之外還有什麼?本站小編來給你説一説。第一章第二節數據類型統計數據是對客觀現象特徵的反映,而由於客觀現象的複雜性,在反映這些現象特徵時,可以從不同的角度進行採集,從而得到不同類型的數據...