考研英語同位語從句和定語從句的區別
英語語法中同位語從句和定語從句經常會被混淆,怎麼區分呢?下面是小編整理的相關內容,歡迎閲讀參考!
考研英語同位語從句和定語從句的區別:
同位語從句和定語從句的混淆點是:這兩種從句都可以被that引導,而且先行詞都是名詞。那麼怎麼區別呢?首先:先行詞雖然都是名詞,但是名詞在定語從句中做先行詞的範圍要比同位語從句廣泛很多。同位語從句的'先行詞是表示信息、觀點、主張、事實等(如:idea, view, thought, order, suggestion, news, truth, hope, promise, answer, belief, condition, doubt, fear, problem, proof, question)等抽象的名詞,而定語從句的範圍不僅僅是這些名詞,換言之,如果是表示具體意義的先行詞,那麼後面的從句是定語從句。
並且,連接詞在從句中的作用也不一樣。連接詞在同位語從句不做成分,因為同位語從句本身的作用是對前面的名詞進行解釋説明的補充作用;連接詞在定語從句中做成分。換言之,如果連接詞如果在從句中做成分,則從句是同位語從句,如果連接詞不在從句中做成分,則從句是定語從句。
另外,what, how, whether等不能用引導定語從句,但可用於引導同位從句。
接下來,就來看定語從句和同位語在考研英語翻譯的應用。
首先,與that引導定語從句相比,that引導的同位語從句相對要少。來看一下同位語從句的考察,劃線部分為同位語從句,加粗的字體為先行詞。
2004- (64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.
2007- (48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.
2008- (48) On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.
2010-(46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.
2010- (48) Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless” species.
2011-(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share—that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts—and reveal its erroneous nature.
(46) But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.
1997-(74) Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.
再次,我們來看一下that引導的定語從句,舉兩個例子:
2001-(71) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.
Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.
對於同位語從句,同位語的先行詞不是定語成分,而是被定語所修飾的名詞,翻譯方法可以是“先行詞+是+同位語從句”。而定語從句的翻譯可以把先行詞帶入到連接詞的位置,按着英文原文的順序進行翻譯就可以。
-
考研英語閲讀解題流程分享
一、識別題幹中出現subject,summarize,mainidea,mainlyabout,besttitle,primaryabout,maintopic等表達方式的時候可以判定為主題題。二、實質對論點或者論題提問。三、解題方法1.尋找主題句或者主體詞(1)尋找主題句A.如何尋找主題句主題句通常出現在文章首段首句...
-
考研英語的複習方法
從2010年開始,全國碩士研究生入學考試的英語試卷分為了英語(一)和英語(二)。英語(一)即原統考英語。英語(二)主要是為高等院校和科研院所招收專業學位碩士研究生而設置的具有選拔性質的統考科目。下面yjbys網小編為大家帶來關於考研英語的複習方法。第一、新題...
-
2018年考研英語小作文備考指南
你知道考研英語小作文如何備考嘛?你對考研英語小作文備考指南瞭解嗎?下面是yjbys小編為大家帶來的考研英語小作文備考指南,歡迎閲讀。一、背格式小作文重格式的特點要求考生們在格式上不能犯錯,熟悉一些應用文的格式和英文中應用文的表達習慣。句子無誤是小作文...
-
如何提升考研英語的閲讀速度
導語:閲讀幾乎佔據了考研的半壁江山,不僅要求速度快,同時要求準確率高,能夠快速準確的找到正確選項,是考研人共同的理想,以下是小編為大家精心整理的如何提升考研英語閲讀速度,歡迎大家參考!Don’trepeat不要重複Thisisthethingthatreallyslowsusdown.Wheneveryoufindy...