定語從句與狀語從句

本文是小編為大家收集整理的狀語從句與定語從句，歡迎參考借鑑。

一、狀語從句

用來修飾主句中的動詞，副詞和形容詞的從句叫狀語從句。根據其含義狀語從句可分為時間狀語從句，地點狀語從句，條件狀語從句， 原因狀語從句，結果狀語從句，比較狀語從句，目的狀語從句，讓步狀語從句。

1. 時間狀語從句

(1)時間狀語從句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等連詞來引導。例如：

It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.

While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.

As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.

He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.

After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.

(2)在時間狀語從句裏，通常不用將來時態，用現在時態表示將來的動作或狀態。例如：

I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York.

I will tell him everything when he comes back.

He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.

(3)在帶有till或until引導的時間狀語從句的主從複合句裏，如果主句用肯定式，其含義是“一直到……時”，謂語動詞只能用延續性動詞。如果主句用否定式，其含義是“直到……才……”, “在……以前不……”, 謂語動詞可用瞬間動詞。例如：

The young man read till the light went out.

Let’s wait until the rain stops.

We won’t start until Bob comes.

Don’t get off until the bus stops.

2. 條件狀語從句

(1)條件狀語從句通常由if, unless引導。例如：

What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?

Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to.

(2)在條件狀語從句裏，謂語動詞通常用現在時態表示將來的動作或狀態。例如：

I’ll help you with your English if am free tomorrow.

He won’t be late unless he is ill.

(3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陳述句” 在意思上相當於一個帶有條件狀語從句的複合句。例如：

Hurry up, or you’ll be late.

=If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.

Study hard and you will pass the exam.

=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

3. 原因狀語從句

(1)原因狀語從句通常由because, since, as引導。例如：

He didn’t come to school because he was ill.

As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.

Since you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask someone else.

(2)because表示直接原因，語氣最強。Because引導的原因狀語從句多放在主句之後。回答由why提出的問題，只能用because。As和since語氣較弱，一般用來表示明顯的原因。由as和since引導的原因狀語從居多放在句首。例如：

------Why aren’t going there?

------Because I don’t want to.

As he has no car, he can’t get there easily.

Since we have no money, we can’t buy it.

(3)because和so不能同用在一個句子裏。

4. 結果狀語從句

(1)結果狀語從句由so…that, such…that, so that引導。例如：

He is so poor that he can’t buy a bike for his son.

She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.

My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldn’t see it.

(2)so…that語可以互換。例如：

在由引導的結果狀語從句中，so是副詞，與形容詞連用。其結構是: “ + 形容詞（副詞）+ that + 從句”。例如：

He was so glad that he couldn’t say a word.

The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.

Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.

在由such…that引導的結果狀語從句中，such是形容詞，它修飾的可以是單數或複數可數名詞，也可以是不可數名詞；名詞前面可以帶形容詞，也可不帶。如果是單數可數名詞，前面需加不定冠詞a或an。例如：

It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.

He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.

He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term.

有時上述兩種結構是可以互換的。例如：

It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.

=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.

It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.

=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.

(3)如果名詞前由many, much, little, few等詞修飾時，只能用so, 不用such。例如：

Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.

He has so little time that he can’t go to the cinema with you.

5 目的'狀語從句

(1)目的狀語從句通常由 so that, in order that引導。例如：

We started early so that we could catch the first train.

He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.

We used the computer in order that we might save time.

(2)so that既可引導目的狀語從句，又可引導結果狀語從句。區別這兩種從句的辦法有兩個：1)目的狀語從句裏往往帶有情態動詞can, could, may, might等。2)從意思上看，目的狀語從句往往表示的目的很明確。例如：

Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的狀語從句)

Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (結果狀語從句)

6. 讓步狀語從句

(1)讓步狀語從句通常由although, though等連詞引導。例如：

Though he is young, he knows a lot.

Although I am tired, I must go on working.

(2)although(though)不能用在同一個句子中。例如：

我們不能説：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.

應該説：Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或It was raining hard, but he still went out.

7. 地點狀語從句

地點狀語從句常常由where來引導。例如：

Go where you like.

Where there is a will, there is a way.

二、定語從句

（一）定語從句的功用和結構

在複合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞之後。引導定語從句的關聯詞有關係代詞和關係副詞。例如：

This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.

Do you know everybody who came to the party?

I still remember the night when I first came to the village?

This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.

（二）關係代詞和關係副詞的功用

關係代詞和關係副詞用來引導定於從句，在先行詞和定語從句之間起紐帶作用，使二者聯繫起來。關係代詞和關係副詞又在定語從句中充當一個成分。關係待客做主語，賓語，定語，關係副詞可作狀語。

1. 作主語：關係代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數須和先行詞一致。例如：

I don’t like people who talk much but do little.

The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.

2. 作賓語：

She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.

The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.

3. 作定語

關係代詞whose在定語從句中作定語用。例如：

What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?

The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.

4. 作狀語

I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.

This is the house where I was born.

（三） 各個關係代詞和關係副詞的具體用法

1. who 指人，在定語從句中作主語。例如：

The person who broke the window must pay for it.

The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

2. whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語。例如：

Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？

Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.

3. which指物，在定語從中作主語或賓語。例如：

A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.

Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.

4. that多指物，有時也指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。例如：

I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.

Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?

I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the far.

He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.