物流英語課文翻譯

英語是當今世界上最通用的語言之一，那麼英語作為最廣泛的語言就有其不可忽視的重要性。下面小編收集了物流英語課文翻譯，供大家參考。

一單元

Logistics is a unique global “pipeline ”[1] that operates 24 hours a day； seven days a week and 52 weeks a year, planning and coordinating the transport and delivery of products and services to customers all over the world.

物流是一個獨特的全球性的“管道”，即每天24小時運作；一星期7天，一年52周，計劃和協調着產品的運輸和配送以及對全球客户的服務。

Coming into being with the advent of civilization, logistics is anything but a newborn baby[2]. However, when it conies to modem logistics, most professionals in the business consider it one of the most challenging and exciting jobs, invisible as it is[3].

文明伊始，物流就已經存在，因而不是新鮮事。然而，説到現代物流，幾乎所有業內專業人士認為，它的一個無形的、最有挑戰性和令人興奮的工作。

Modem logistics is related to the effective and efficient flow of materials and information that are of vital importance to customers and clients in various sections of the economic society[4], which may include but by no means is limited to： packaging, warehousing, material handling, inventory, transport ，forecasting, strategic planning, and customer service.

現代物流關係到貨物流和信息流的有效性和高效率。對於經濟社會各個中間商和消費者來説，貨物流和信息流是非常重要的，可能包括但絕非侷限於：包裝、倉儲、轉移、存儲、運輸、預測、戰略規劃、客户服務等。

“Logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans, implements and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, service and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption to meet customers，requirements. ” Although this definition fails to incorporate all specific terms used in the study of logistics，it does reflect the need for total movement management from point of material procurement to location of finished product distribution.

物流是供應鏈過程的一部分，它計劃、實施和控制着流動的高效率、有效性和貨物的儲存、服務的準備以及從原始點到消費終點相關信息，以滿足客户的要求。雖然這個定義不能把所有特別説法用在研究物流方面，但它反映了從物資採購點到成品分銷地的整個貨物流向管理的需要。

第二單元

It is universally acknowledged that products are of two kinds, products for customers and products for industrial use. As industrial products are not the key factors in planning a physical distribution strategy, they will not be mentioned in this text.

就產品而言，普遍認為有兩類，一類是消費產品，另一類是工業用途產品。因為工業用途產品在配送戰略中不是主要因素，所以就不在本文論述了。

An important characteristic of any product is its availability at the place where a customer wishes to consume it. And this is what logistics is chiefly concerned with. Products are of any value when and only when they are moved to the right place where it is available to the customer. Thus, we should make an analysis of products, depending on who uses them and how they are used.

任何產品的一個重要特徵就是在顧客需要它時就能買到它。而這也正是物流所關心的。產品只有在被運送到能被消費者買到的場所時才體現出價值。這樣，我們應該依據誰使用以及怎麼使用這些產品來進行產品分析。

Consumer products are those that are directed to ultimate consumers. According to the three different ways in which consumers select goods and services and where they buy them, consumer products can be put into three categories : convenience products, shopping products, and specialty products .

消費類產品是指直接面對終端消費者的` 產品。根據消費者挑選產品和服務的三種不同方式以及從哪裏購買這些產品，購買型產品和特殊產品三種。

Convenience products are those goods and services that consumers purchase frequently, immediately, and with little comparative shopping. Typical products are banking services, tobacco items, and many foodstuffs. These products generally require wide distribution through many outlets. Distribution costs are typically high but are more than justified by the increased sales potential that is brought about by this wide and extensive distribution. Customer service levels, as expressed in terms of product availability and accessibility, must be high to encourage any reasonable degree of customer patronage for the products.

便利型產品是指消費者需要經常、及時購買並且不十分需要比較差價的產品和服務。銀行業務、煙草產品和許多食物都是典型的便利型產品。這種產品一般都要求大範圍的配送，配送成本一般都很高，但高成本卻因大範圍配送能增加其銷售潛力而被認為合理。客户服務水平體現在產品購買時的方便性和可得性方面，為了鼓勵客户購買產品，服務水平心肝提高。 Shopping products are those for which consumers are willing to seek and compare: comparing in many locations the price, quality, and performance, and making a purchase only after careful deliberation. Typical products in this category are fashion clothes, automobiles, home furnishings, and medical care. Because of the customer ’s willingness to shop around, an individual supplier may stock goods or offer services in only a few out-lets in a given market area. Distribution costs for such suppliers are somewhat lower than for convenience products, and product distribution need not be as widespread.

購買型產品是消費者願意到處尋尋覓覓，比較價格、質量和性能，三思之後才作出購買決定的產品。這一類的典型產品有時裝、汽車、傢俱和醫療服務等。因為消費者願意到處看看，各供應高會在給定的市場上僅設幾個銷售點存放產品或提供服務。這種供應商的配送成本比便利型產品低一些，而且這類產品的配送範圍也沒有那麼大。

Specialty products are those for which buyers are willing to expend a substantial effort and often to wait a significant amount of time in order to acquire them. Buyers seek out particular typesrangi and brands of goods and services. Examples can be any type of goods ranging from fine foods to custom-made automobiles or a service such as management consulting advice. Because buyers insist on particular brands, distribution is centralized and customer service levels are not as high as those for convenience and shopping products. Physical distribution costs can be the lowest of any product category. Because of this, many firms will attempt to create brand preference for their product lin0065.

特殊產品是指買家願意花費大量精力併為了獲得它們可以忍受很長的等待時間的產品。消費者會尋求特定類型和品牌的產品和服務，例如精美食品、定製的汽車等各種商品，或者像管理諮詢建議這類服務。因為消費者對品牌很執着，所以配送是集中進行的，消費者服務水平親不像便利型產品和購買型產品要求那麼高。配送成本可能是三種類別中最便宜的。正因為這個原因，許多公司試圖為他們的創造品牌效應。

第三單元

Inventory is viewed as playing a role in the value-added process. This does not mean the more you have in the form of inventory, the richer you are. If you keep an over-stock of the inventory, expenses will incur not only in warehousing, but also in many aspects, such as the capital cost and the interest accruing on it, taxes, insurance, obsolescence cost and storage cost.

在增值過程中庫存被人們認為起着重要作用，這並不意味着以庫存的形式存放的貨物越多，你就越富。如果庫存過量，不僅增加倉儲方面的費用，如本金、隨之遞增的利息、税、保險、陳舊性損耗費和倉儲成本。

On the one hand, capital cost increases with the lot size. On the other hand, the interest accrues on the capital invested in the carrying inventory, which is, in many ca-ses, computed according to the prime interest rate or a specified rate pegged to the prime interest. The logic behind it is that the cash to replace capital invested in invent-tory can be qurchased in the money market.

一方面本金隨着批量大小而改變；另一方面，利息了隨着投資在存貨上的本金的多少而增減，而大多數情況下，存貨是根據主要利息或指定利息率計算的。其暗含的邏輯是用於代替投資在庫存上的本金的現金可在貨幣市場買到。

In many countries, taxes are levied on the average inventory lev-dl on a specific day of the year.

Insurance cost is a direct levy normally based on estimated risk or exposure over time. Obsolescence means the dete-rioration of product in storage which is not covered by insurance.

許多國家按一年中某一特定的日子的平均庫存水平徵收税款。

保險費一般根據預計風險或風險次數直接徵收。

損耗指倉庫中的產品老舊了，這是不包含在保險範圍內的。

The storage cost incurs in re-spect of product holding, whether you store the goods in a public warehouse, rented private ware-house or a warehouse you own yourself. The cost, which can well amount to over 37% of the total lo-gistics cost, results in the necessity of making plans for inventory.

儲存成本產生於產品保管，不管產品儲存在公共倉庫、租用的私人倉庫還是自有倉庫。儲存成本佔整個物流成本的37%以上，所以做庫存計劃是很有必要的。

The plan should be able to an-swer three basic questions: when to order, how much to order and inventory control procedures.

庫存計劃要能夠回答以下三個基本問題：何時訂購，訂購多少以及庫存控制程序。

For the time being we are con-cerned only with the question of how much to order. The lot sizing concept calances the cost of maintaining in-ventories against the cost of ordering. The key to understanding the rela-tionship is to remember that average inventory is equal to one-half the or-rer quantity. The larger the order quantity, the fewer orders required per planning period and, consequent-ly, the lower the total ordering cost. Lot quantity formulations identify the precise quantities at which the annual combined total cost of ordering and maintenance is lowest for a given sales volume.

這裏我們僅關心訂購量的問題。批量大小概念平衡了維持庫存的成本和降低訂購成本的矛盾，理解他們的關係的關鍵是要記住平均庫存數等於訂購數量的二分之一。每次訂購的量越大，每個訂購計劃週期訂購次數就越少。因此整個訂購成本就越少。批量公式指明在給定銷售額下，年綜合定購成本和維持庫存的最低點。