考研英語閲讀被動語態語法分析

【難句】1. Questions are increasingly being asked by the councils about how they can be sure that misconduct is not taking place on the grants they provide.

【結構分析】 本句使用了被動語態的現在進行時結構，主幹為Questions are increasingly being asked about ，施動者by the councils構成了分隔結構。在翻譯時，我們可以化被動為主動，the councils are increasingly asking questions about ，介詞about後的賓語由how引導的從句how they can be sure 充當，這裏又包含一個特殊的結構 主語+adj.+從句 ，that引導的.名詞性從句 misconduct is not taking place on the grants they provide中，grants後是一個省略了關係代詞that/which的定語從句，關係代詞在從句中作provide的賓語。

【參考譯文】 各委員會越來越多地提出問題 關於他們如何能夠確保在他們同意的情況下避免發生處理不當的行為。

【難句】2. It s much easier to say Great idea! when a terrific solution has been put forward by someone on your team, than it is to take the time to explain why an employee s favorite brainchild isn t going anywhere except the circular file.

【結構分析】 本句成分複雜。以逗號為切入點，得到一個比較結構It s much easier to say Great idea! than 。it是形式主語，前半部分的真正主語由不定式結構to say Great idea! 充當，這裏包含一個when引導的時間狀語從句when a terrific solution has been put forward by someone on your team，使用了被動語態的現在完成時。後半部分真正主語為to take the time to explain ，explain後的賓語是why引導的賓語從句 why an employee s favorite brainchild isn t going anywhere except the circular file。在翻譯時，我們將狀語提前，且化被動為主動。