英語考研閲讀有什麼做題方法

Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price,thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labor, and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much, the price of your television licence would need to be doubled, and travel by bus or tube would cost 20 percent more.

And perhaps most important of all, advertising provides a guarantee of reasonable value in the products and services you buy. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven Acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long, for mercifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once. If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it, and that it represents good value. Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of.

There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a well-known television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions. Of course advertising seeks to its message were confined merely to information—and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasive—advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the well-known television personality wants.

1、By the first sentence of the passage the author means that _______.

[A] he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertising

[B] everybody knows well that advertising is money consuming

[C] advertising costs money like everything else

[D] it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising

2、In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantages

of advertising?

[A] Securing greater fame. [B] Providing more jobs.

[C] Enhancing living standards. [D] Reducing newspaper cost.

3、The author deems that the well-known TV personality is _______.

[A] very precise in passing his judgment on advertising

[B] interested in nothing but the buyers’ attention

[C] correct in telling the difference between persuasion and

information

[D] obviously partial in his views on advertising

4、In the author’s opinion, _______.

[A] advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing

information

[B] advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them over

[C] there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyer

[D] the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement

一、迅速瀏覽選項，把握文章主題

根據題幹中，考生可以提煉出“advertising”和“TV personality”,由此很難判斷文章主題。但是考生讀完第一段後，就可確認本文的主題應該是“廣告”。

二、精讀各段落，攻克詞彙和語法長難句

1、詞彙精解

(1) distribution (n.) 銷售，分配，分發;配給物;分佈狀態，分區，分類;發送，發行

(2) tube (n.) [英口]地鐵;顯像管，電子管

(3) live up to (v.) 做到，不辜負。如：He didn’t live up to his reputation.他的生活與他的名聲不符。

(4) mercifully (adv.)幸運地是;寬厚地，仁慈地;merciful (a.)

(5) have the good sense 很明智。

(6) touch on 涉及，關係到，簡略地論述

(7) distinction (n.)差別，區分，draw ~ between A and B

(8) confine (v.) (與to, within搭配)侷限，限制(於);管制，禁閉

(9) subtly (adv.) 細緻地，精巧地;subtle (a.) 細微的，微妙的;精巧的，巧妙的

2、長難句精解

①It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.

本句的主幹是It serves to assist…, thereby establishing… and so making…, thereby

後是兩個並列分詞短語做結果狀語。make it +形容詞+to do sth.意思是：使……成為可能。

譯本：它直接有利於商品以合理的價格快速地銷售，從而建立穩固的國內市場，並且有可能以有競爭力的價格提供出口商品。

②Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.

句子中的主幹是no regular advertiser dare promote a product。前面apart from引導介詞結構做狀語，其中fact後是that引導的同位語從句;主句的賓語product後是由that 引導的定語從句做後置定語。

譯文：除了國會制定的27項法案對廣告詞加以約束之外，也沒有哪個正規的廣告商膽敢推銷與廣告承諾不符的產品。

③If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it , and that it represents good value.

該句是一個主從複合句，if引導條件狀語從句，主句是it is the surest proof…，I know 做proof的後置定語，兩個that 引導的並列從句都是proof的`同位語從句。

譯文：如果你看到一種商品不斷地做廣告，我認為這是最可靠的證明，即此商品一定與其宣傳名副其實，一定體現良好的價值。

④If its message were confined merely to information—and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasive—advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention.

該句主幹是If its message were confined merely to information…advertising would be so boring that…，其中if引導虛擬條件句，表示與事實相反，主句是so…that…句型表示因果關係。破折號中間為插入成分，由一個主從複合句組成，主句為that would be difficult，這裏that指代If虛擬條件句if its message…;緊接着的是條件從句if (that is) not impossible to achieve，後面是for 引導的原因狀語從句。

譯文：如果廣告僅僅限於提供信息——這一點本身也難以做到，如果不是不可能的話，因為即使選擇一件補襯衫顏色這樣的細節也多少隱含勸説之意——它就會變得枯燥乏味，無人關注了。

三、作答題目，理解文章含義

1、【答案】D

【解析】詞義句意題。首先看句子語法，第一句的重點是對as well as的理解。as well as 有兩種意思：1)相當於in addition (to)，意為“除……外，同，和，也”，如：He gave me money as well as advice.

2)用作連詞引出比較對象，意為“和……一樣好”。第2)種含義放在本文中才講得通，這裏as well as any相當於as well as any(money spent), I know of 是定語從句，修飾any。其次，看下文內容。從文章第二句“它直接有助於……”可以推出作者對廣告的作用持肯定態度。因此第一句應該被理解為“花在廣告上的錢和任何別處花的錢一樣值得”。D項正是這個含義的概括，因此為正確項。

B、C選項僅停留在“廣告花費錢”的含義上，體現不出對廣告的肯定態度;選項A是對從句“I know of”的錯誤理解。

2、【答案】A

【解析】事實細節題。第一段作者對廣告給予肯定並且列舉廣告帶來的諸多益處：(1)它直接有助於商品以合理價格迅速銷出;(2)在穩定國內市場的同時，使產品能夠以有競爭力的價格進入國際市場;(3)它給人以新的消費觀，從而大大提高人們的生活水準;(4)它有助於增加市場需求，擴大勞動力市場，有效地擴大就業;(5)它使日報等公共事業的服務價格低廉。由此可見，B、C和D選項都在文中直接涉及，可以排除。第二段首句雖然談到廣告為人們購買的產品和服務的合理價格提供了保障，但是未提及A選項“保障更高的知名度”的內容，因而為正確答案。

注意：這種“which is not included”題型相當於except題型，一般要在大範圍內搜索，排除原文中已經提到的選項或直接找出與原文不符的選項。潛在命題點：依據此內容可另出一題：What is the biggest advantage of advertising?

A、Providing more jobs.

B、Enhancing living standards.

C、Reducing the costs of many services.

D、Ensuring the quality of the products and services.

答案為D。關鍵是第二段首句 “most important of all”表明下面所述為最重要的優勢，因此在列舉題中，要注意關聯詞的作用。此外，也可用排除法，A、B、C在文中並列，作用相仿，成為答案几率均等，故都應該排除。

3、【答案】D

【解析】態度題。題幹要求考生回答作者對文中提到的知名人士的看法。文章第四段談到該知名人士對廣告持否定態度，即他批評廣告更多的是在勸誘觀眾，而不是提供信息。這顯然與作者前面第三段用大篇幅對廣告讚揚的態度大相徑庭，所以作者馬上對這種觀點進行駁斥，以維護自己的觀點。作者認為“他把兩者區分得過於細微。因為廣告不可避免地要勸説消費者，如果廣告的內容僅僅限於提供信息，那將會乏味之極”。由引可以推論作者對知名人士看法持否定態度。因此D選項為正確選項。

A選項和C選項都持肯定態度，可以排除。而B選項也不對，因為在文中並未討論知名人士的興趣和關心對象問題。nothing but意為：只有，除了……之外都不。

4、【答案】C

【解析】態度題。讀完全文後，我們已經很清楚作者對廣告的態度和觀點。先是在前三段肯定廣告給社會帶來的諸多好處，然後在第四段和第五段又指出廣告勸説消費者不僅是不可避免的也是必要的，否則便失去了吸引力，不能把廣告的勸誘性作為批評它的論據。C選項恰恰符合這一觀點，為正確答案。

A選項與第三段的內容相悖。B選項與第四段作者提出的“廣告不可避免地要勸説消費者，內容不僅僅限於提供信息”的看法不一致。D選項不正確，作者在末段提到，只提供信息的廣告不會引起觀眾的興趣，不能由此推出，消費者對廣告信息毫無興趣。

win sb. over(to sth.)=win sb. to do sth. 意思是“説服某人做某事”。

四、翻譯全文，再次鞏固複習詞彙和語法長難句

花在廣告上的錢和我所知花在任何別的方面的錢一樣是值得的。它直接有利於商品以合理的價格快速地銷售，從而建立穩固的國內市場，並且有可能以有競爭力的價格提供出口商品。通過向公眾推出新思想，它極大地促進生活水準的提高。通過幫助增加商品需求，它確保對勞動力的更大需求，因此成為對抗失業的一項有效措施。它降低了許多服務費用：沒有廣告，日報的價格將是現在的四倍，電視許可證價格會翻一番，乘汽車或地鐵出行也將貴出百分之二十。

也許最重要的是，廣告對你所購買的產品和服務的合理價值提供了一種保障。除了國會制定的27項法案對廣告加以約束之外，也沒有哪個正規的廣告商膽敢推銷與廣告承諾不符的產品。他也許會通過誤導人的廣告暫時愚弄一些人。但他這樣做長不了，因為所幸的是，公眾很明智，不會再次購買劣質商品。如果你看見一種商品不斷地做廣告，我認為這就是最可靠的證明，商品一定與其宣傳名副其實，一定體現良好的價值。廣告對社會的物質利益所作的貢獻比我能想到的任何其他力量都要大。

有一點我覺得應該在此提及。最近我聽到一位電視知名人士宣稱，他反對廣告，因為廣告是勸誘性的，而不是客觀地提供信息。他在此劃了一條過於清晰的界線。當然廣告總是試圖勸服。

如果廣告僅僅限於提供信息——這一點本身如果不是不可能的話，至少也難以做到，因為即使選擇一件襯衫的顏色這樣的細節也多少隱含勸説之意——那麼廣告將變得味同嚼蠟、無人理會了。但也許這就是那位電視名人所希望的結果。