定語從句怎麼講精彩

　　定語從句怎麼講精彩

概念

被修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語從句不同於單詞作定語的情況，它需要放在被修飾的詞(即先行詞)之後。定語從句一般由關係代詞來引導。關係代詞必須放在定語從句之首。定語從句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現在先行詞之後，由關係詞(關係代詞或關係副詞)引出。

關係代詞引導的定語從句

關係代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，並在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關係代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。

1)who, whom, that

這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是想見你的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

他就是我昨天見的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)

關係代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，並在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關係代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。

1）who， whom， that

這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中作主語和賓語。例如：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you？ 他就是你想見的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語）

2） whose 用來指人或物，（只用作定語， 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）。例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。

Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green. 請遞給我那本綠皮的書。

3）which， that所代替的`先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.

農村出現了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在句中作賓語）

The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作賓語）

練習題：

【陷阱】容易誤選A。有的同學一看到空格前的情態動詞 could 就斷定此處應填動詞原形 enter。

【分析】其實正確答案應是B。此句為省略句，即在 could 後省略了動詞 do，若把句子補完整應為Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短語(to enter a good college)是用作目的狀語的，而不是與情態動詞(could)一起構成謂語。請再看類似例句：

(1) They did what they could to comfort her. 他們儘量安慰她。

(2) They did everything they could to save her life. 他們盡一切力量拯救她的性命。

(3) He studies as hard as he could to catch up with his classmates. 他拼命學習以便趕上他的同學。

值得指出的是，這也並不是説今後只要遇到類似結構的題就一定選帶to不定式。請看以下試題：

(4) He ran as fast as he could _____ to catch the early bus.

A. to hope B. hope

C. hoping D. hoped

此題的答案是 C不是A，其中的現在分詞短語 hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴隨狀語。

(5) He spent every minute he could _____ spoken English.

A. practise B. to practise

C. practising D. practised

此題答案選 C，這與前面動詞 spent 的搭配有關，即 spend … (in) doing sth。若將此句補充完整，即為 He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English.

(6) Before going abroad he devoted all he could ____D____ his oral English.

A. improve B. to improve

C. improving D. to improving

此題答案選D，注意兩點：一是 devote … to … 是固定搭配，意為“把……貢獻給……”;二是其中的 to 是介詞，不是不定式符號，後接動詞時要用動名詞。

2. He knows nothing about it, so he can’t help _______ any of your work.

A. doing B. to do

C. being doing D. to be done

【陷阱】容易誤選B，根據 can’t help doing sth 這一結構推出。

【分析】其實答案應選A。比較以下結構：

can’t help to do sth = 不能幫助做某事

can’t help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事

又如下面一題，答案也是 B：

She can’t help ____ the house because she’s busy making a cake.

A cleaning B. to clean

C. cleaned D. being cleaned

再請看以下試題：

While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _____ into buying something they don’t really need.

A. to persuade B. persuading

C. being persuaded D. be persuaded

此題應選C，句中的 can’t help 意為“禁不住”(注意根據句意用被動形式)。

3. All her time _______ experiments, she has no time for films.

A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing

C. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing

【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。

【分析】此題最佳答案為B。現分析如下：

(1) devote 意為“致力於，獻身於”，主要用 devote…to…或be devoted to，其中的to 是介詞，不是不定式符號，故後接動詞時要用動名詞，不用不定式。

(2) 選A錯誤：若將 do 改為 doing 則可以。

(3) 選B正確：all her time devoted to doing experiments為獨立主格結構，用作狀語。

(4) 選C錯誤：因為all her time 與 devote 為被動關係，故應將devoting改為devoted。

(5) 選D錯誤：若單獨看 All her time is devoted to doing experiments，此句並沒有錯，但問題是逗號前後兩個簡單句沒有必要的連接方式，所以從整體上看仍不對，假若在後一句的句首加上and或so，則可選D，或將D將中的is 改為 being也可選它。

英語語法經典例題800例：虛擬語氣（例題）

【導語】英語語法讓很多學生都頭疼，因為複雜難懂的句式和詞組有時難以記憶。為大家整理了英語語法大全，希望對同學們的英語語法學習有所幫助。更多內容盡在。

1. I forget where I read the article, or I _____ it to you now.

A. will show B. would show

C. am going to show D. am showing

【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。

【分析】正確答案選B。根據上文的語境可知句中的 or 隱含有一個虛擬的條件，即 or=if I didn’t forget where I read the article(要是我沒忘記我在哪兒讀過這篇文章的話——但事實上忘了)。

2. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _____.”

A. He’d better give up drinking

B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much

C. Health is more important than drink

D. I wonder why he is always doing so

【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選，主要是受句中 drunk 一詞的影響。

【分析】最佳答案為D。關鍵信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虛擬語氣，句子既然用了虛擬語氣，也就是説，“他喝醉了”不是事實，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此題的最佳答案是D。

3. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _____ you if you had so high a fever.”

A. do B. are

C. will D. would

【陷阱】容易誤選A或C。選A者，認為前後兩句的動詞性質應一致;選C者，認為其後帶有if 條件狀語從句，從語氣上看，主句應用將來時態。

【分析】此題最佳答案為D。分析如下：

(1) “so + 助動詞 + 主語”是一個很有用的結構，它表示“……也一樣”時。如：

He likes to watch TV, and so do I. 他喜歡看電視，我也一樣。

When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 當動植物消失的時候，人類也會隨之消失。

(2) 由於空格後的 if 條件狀語從句的謂語用的是虛擬語氣(這是很重要的信息)，所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案應選D。

英語語法經典例題800例：強調句（例題）

【導語】英語語法讓很多學生都頭疼，因為複雜難懂的句式和詞組有時難以記憶。為大家整理了英語語法大全，希望對同學們的英語語法學習有所幫助。更多內容盡在。

1. ____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.

A. It was we being late B. It was our being late

C. It was we were too late D. It was because we were late

【陷阱】此題容易誤選D，認為強調的是原因狀語從句 because we were late。

【分析】但實際上，此題的答案為B，強調的是句子主語 our being late，此題若還原成非強調句，即為：

Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.

注意，強調句的一個顯著特點是，若去掉強調結構 it is [was]… that…，句子仍然成立;換句話説，該結構中的 that 不能充當句子成分。

2. “How was ______ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?” “Totally by chance.”

A. it that B. he that

C. it when D. he which

【陷阱】幾個干擾項均可能誤選。

【分析】答案選A，為強調句的特殊疑問句形式，其相應的陳述句形式為：

It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace.

比較以下各題，它們也屬強調句的特殊疑問句形式：

(1) Who was it _____ saved the drowning girl?

A. since B. as C. that D. he

答案選C，被強調成分為 who，該句實為類似 It was Tom that saved the drowning girl. 這類強調句的特殊疑問句形式(即對其中的Tom 提問而得)。

(2) What is it _____ his daughter needs most?

A. what B. which C. that D. if

答案選C，被強調成分為 what，該句實為類似 It is a bike that his daughter needs most. 這類強調句的特殊疑問句形式(即對其中的a bike 提問而得)。

3. _____ was very ______ that little Jim wrote the letter.

A. It, careful B. It, carefully

C. He, careful D. He, carefully

【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選，但最有可能誤選的可能是A，認為這是一個普通的系表結構，即認為第二空要填形容詞作表語。

【分析】其實，此題是一個強調句，其非強調形式為 Little Jim wrote the letter very carefully. 若用 it is … that… 的強調句式強調其中的狀語 very carefully 即為上面一題的題幹，所以答案應選B。請看下面幾例，也屬強調結構：

(1) It was when she was about to go to bed ______ the telephone rang.

A. since B. as C. that D. then

答案選C，被強調成分為 when she was about to go to bed 這一時間狀語從句。

(2) It may have been at Christmas _____ John gave Mary a handbag.

A. before B. who C. that D. when

答案選C，被強調成分為 at Christmas，其中的動詞 be 採用了 may have been 這一較為複雜的形式。

4. “Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?” “It was in the hall ______ the students

often have a meeting.”

A. where B. which

C. that D. when

【陷阱】很可能誤選C，認為這是一個強調句，強調地點狀語 in the hall。

【分析】假若選C，即有 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting，該句的意思是“學生們通常是在

大廳開會”，單獨看這一句，無論是其意思還是其語法均未錯，但若將其與上文聯繫起來看，則不通，因為上文的意思是“你是在

哪兒找到昨天作報告的那位教授的?”假若將答句改為 It was in the hall that I found the professor，則完全可以。