糯米文學吧

位置:首頁 > 英語 > 專業四級八級

2018年專四英語情態動詞語法考點

知之者不如好之者,好之者不如樂之者。以下是小編為大家搜索整理的2018年專四英語情態動詞語法考點,希望能給大家帶來幫助!更多精彩內容請及時關注我們應屆畢業生考試網!

2018年專四英語情態動詞語法考點

  考試中,情態動詞部分重點測試以下內容:

(1)情態動詞+行為動詞完成式

(2)某些情態動詞的特殊用法

1. must have v-ed

must have v-ed 表示推測過去某事“一定”發生了。其否定形式為:can’t / couldn’t have v-ed, 表示過去不可能發生某事。

例如:

Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night.

2. could have v-ed 表示推測過去某動作“很可能”發生了

3. may / might have v-ed 表示推測過去某事“也許”發生了 比 might 表示的可能性在説話人看來稍大些。

t to / should have v-ed 和 ought not to / shouldn’t have v-ed 用於對已發生的情況表示“責備”、“不滿”,分別表示“本應該…”和“本不應該…”表示應完成而未完成的動作用於完成時中的否定句,表示不應完成但已做的動作

n’t have v-ed 表示過去做了某事,但沒有做的必要,意為“本沒必要…”。

例如:You needn’t have waken me up; I don’t have to go to work today.

注意:did not need to do 動作並沒發生

例:I didn’t need to get up early,so I got up until 9 a.m.

  *特殊用法

(1) can‘t表示“不可能”, may not 表示“不可以”, mustn’t(must not) 表示“不許可 禁止”,needn't (need not) 表示“不必”,dare not +動詞原形 表示“不敢”

(2) must表推測 的否定現在式用can’t ,過去式用couldn’t

(3)May I / we …?這一類疑問句的肯定回答為Yes, please.或Certainly;否定回答為Please don’t.或No, you mustn’t. 例如:

“May we leave now?” “No, you mustn’t. You haven’t finished your home work yet.”

(4) need I / we …?這一類疑問句的肯定回答為Yes, we must; 否定回答為needn’t

(5)在回答must引起的問題時,如果是否定的答覆,不能用mustn’t,而要用needn’t或don’t have to

(6)May/might as well may……but….(錶轉折)

(7) I wish to go home with you, may I?

(8) Do help yourself to have fruit, won’t you/ will you? (表示一種委婉的請求)

  *情態動詞短語的使用

would like to do…

would rather do…

would rather + 從句

would prefer to do...

had better do...

*情態動詞: will(願意), shall(將), must(必須), can, may, would, should(應該), might, could, ought to, used to(過去常常), need(需要), dare(竟敢),have to(不得不)

*dare, need 也可作一般(行為)動詞

*情態動詞一般用法的否定:

mustn’t 不準, 禁止,不要 can’t(couldn’t) 不會;不能;

may (might) not 不可以;

needn’t 沒必要 ( = don’t have to )

used not/usedn’t to或didn’t use to… 過去不…

dare not 不敢

*情態動詞推測用法

Must 一定,肯定 can’t (couldn’t) 不可能

Can/ could 可能 Can’t (couldn’t) 不可能

may/ might “可能,也許” May (might) not 也許不,可能不

*推斷用法

should/ought to“按理應當,應該是; shouldn’t 不應該 ( = ought not to )

*情態動詞+have +done結構表示對過去動作的`推測

1. must have done:對過去的肯定推測,譯作“一定做了…”,只能用於肯定句中。

其否定形式為can’t/couldn’t have done?

It must have rained last night, for the road was quite muddy

2. can/ could have done:對過去的可能性推測,譯作“可能做了…”。只能用疑問句中

Can/Could he have said it? 他可能説過那種話嗎?

3. may / might have v-ed:對過去的可能性推測,譯作“也許能,有可能。

It’s too late. I think he may have gone to bed.

*情態動詞+have+過去分詞結構表示輕微的責備和後悔

肯定:過去應該做而沒有做;

否定:過去不該(不必)做而做了。

⑴ might/could+have+過去分詞:“本來可以,早就應該”

(只用於肯定句,且不能用may, can)

You could have told me you were going to be late!.你應當早告訴我你會晚到的!

⑵ should(ought to)+have+過去分詞:“本應”(沒做)

should not(ought not to)+have+過去分詞:“本不該”(做了)

You should not have handed in your composition yesterday morning.你本不應把作文交了。

You should have been here earlier.你應該早點來才對。

3. needn't+have+過去分詞:“本不必,本不須”(need只用於否定句)(做了)

You needn't have woken her up. It's only six.你其實不必叫醒她。現在才六點。

注意:did not need to do 動作並沒發生(沒做)

例:I didn’t need to get up early, so I got up until 9 a.m.

  *八大注意點

1.在以could, might 表示徵詢對方意見或表示請求時,回答應相應使用can, may

— Might I watch TV after supper? — Yes, you ________.

A. may B. must C. might D. can

2. May I / we …?這一類疑問句的肯定回答為Yes, please.或Certainly;否定回答為Please don’t.或No, you mustn’t. 例如:

“May we leave now?” “No, you mustn’t. You haven’t finished your home work yet.”

3. need I / we …?這一類疑問句的肯定回答為Yes, we must; 否定回答為needn’t

4. 在回答must引起的問題時,肯定must; 如果是否定的答覆,不能用mustn’t,而要用needn’t或don’t have to

5. I wish to go home with you, may I?

6. Do help yourself to have fruit, won’t you/ will you? (表示一種委婉的請求)

l 用於第三人稱,表示許可,允許

8. let’s do this job, shall we? Let us do this job, will you?

9. should 也表示驚訝的語氣,

例如:I was shocked that she should have said such a thing to you.(她竟然對你説那樣的話,…)

*四大特殊結構

might as well + 動詞原形”意為“最好,滿可以,倒不如”,相當於had better

You may as well do it at once.

well + 動詞原形”是一種常見的結構,意為“(完全)能,很可能”

He may well be proud of his son.

他大可為兒子高興。

3. cannot … too / enough 表示 “無論怎麼……也不算過分”、“越……越好”

You cannot be too careful.

4. had better 最好

You had better not wake me up when you come in.

  *兩大類區別:

  一、表示能力: can, be able to

be able to 能用於各種時態。

can / could 只能表示現在或過去的能力

*was / were able to : “設法做成某事”

相當於 managed to do sth succeeded in doing sth.

  二、used to 和would 的區別

used to過去常常(但現在已無此習慣,would無此含義)

He used to drink beer, now he drinks wine.他過去喝啤酒,現在喝白酒。

would只能用來談動作;used to用來談動作或狀態(可與be, live, like, stay等狀態動詞連用):

He would get up early when he lived in the country.他住在鄉下時總是早起。

We used to live in a small town.(不能用would)

Be used to doing sth: 習慣於做某事