考研英語閲讀真題翻譯

考研閲讀不是考察字認識不認識,而是考察是否能根據上下文作出正確的判斷。下面是小編給大家準備的考研英語的閲讀真題及翻譯，歡迎大家閲讀參考!

When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be--- even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right--- it can hardly be classed as Literature.

This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, of finite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.

Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river--- and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers:` Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.

This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?

9. This passage is mainly____ .

[A]a survey of new approaches to art [B]a review of Futurist poetry

[C]about merits of the Futurist movement [D]about laws and requirements of literature

10. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to_____ .

[A]determine its purposes [B]ignore its flaws

[C]follow the new fashions[D]accept the principles

11. Futurists claim that we must____ .

[A]increase the production of literature [B]use poetry to relieve modern stress

[C]develop new modes of expression [D]avoid using adjectives and verbs

12. The author believes that Futurist poetry is_____ .

[A]based on reasonable principles

[B]new and acceptable to ordinary people

[C]indicative of basic change in human nature

[D]more of a transient phenomenon than literature

　　>>>>>>答案解析<<<<<<

　　重點詞彙：

etched (牽強的)即far+fetch+ed，far遠的，fetch拿來，-ed形容詞後綴，叫別人到很遠(far)的地方去把東西拿回來(fetch)，這個要求是很“牽強的”(fartetched)。

rist?(未來派的;未來派藝術家)即futur(e)+ist，future(未來;未來的)，-ist後綴。If we open a quarrel between the past and the present, we shall find that we have lost the future.我們如果在過去和現在之間展開爭吵，就會發現我們喪失了未來。Every hour of lost time is a chance of future misfortune.失去的每一小時都構成未來不幸發生的可能。

rgo (v.經歷;承受)即under+go，“在下面走”→經歷。You cannot create experience, you must undergo it.你不能創造經驗，你必須經歷它。undergo a long process of tempering 經受長期的磨練。

esponding (相應的;符合的)即cor+respond+ing，cor-共同(con-在r前的變形)，respond反應(見2003年Text 2)

rpret ?(v.解釋;口譯);interpretor(譯員)←interpret+or後綴表“人”。The philosophers have only interpreted the world in various ways; the point is to change it.哲學家們只是以不同的方式解釋世界，而問題在於改變世界。interpretor — someone who lies in two languages 譯員——用兩種語言説謊的人。

ntial (必不可少的;本質的);名詞形式為essence(本質;精華)，記諧音“愛深思”→只有愛深思(essence)才可能發現事物的“本質”和“精華”。

te ?(有限的)即fin+ite，fin詞根“完”(如finish→fin+ish後綴→v.n.完成)，-ite形容詞後綴，“有完的”→有限的。反義詞：infinite(無限的;無限的東西)←in否定前綴+finite。We must accept finite disappointment, but we must never lose infinite hope.我們必須接受有限的失望，但我們決不可失去無限的希望。a finite number of possibilities 有限的幾種可能性。

anatory (説明的，解釋的)即ex+plan+atory，ex-前綴=out，plan即plain(元音可增減)，-atory形容詞後綴，“簡單明白地表達出來的”→解釋的;動詞形式為explain←ex+plain;名詞形式為explanation←ex+plan+ation。Mediocrities can explain everything, and are surprised at nothing.庸人能夠解釋一切，他們對任何事都不感到意外。←mediocrity參2000年Passage 2。A little inaccuracy sometimes saves tons of explanations.少許的含糊有時能省去大量的解釋。

ill(v.完成，履行)即ful+fill，ful即full“完全”，fill“填滿”，故“完全填滿”→完成。Only they who fulfill their duty in everyday matters will fulfill them on great occassions.只有在日常工作中盡責的人才會在重大時刻盡責。

rmine(v.決心;確定)即de+termine，de-加強前綴，termine詞根“結束”，故“使結束”→決定;名詞形式為determination←de+termin+ation。The surest way not to fail is to determine to succeed.不致失敗的最可靠方法是決心成功。When it is not in our power to detemine what is true, we ought to follow what is most probable.在無法認定何者正確之時，就應採用可能性最大的一個。The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it.人生最重要的事就是確立一個偉大的目標，並有決心使其實現。

the same 仍然;at will 隨意。

　　難句解析：

① When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.

該句是一個因果關係的並列句，表示結果的部分是When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at，表示原因的部分是for it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal。而for與it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal之間是一個插入語，也是由however+形容詞引導的狀語從句，意為“不管他們(這羣前衞藝術家們)的時尚原則在今天看來多麼牽強無理”。

句中attain原意為“達到”，此處應理解為“發展成”;advocates指倡導的人;however不是“然而”，而是“不論多麼”。

② With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be — even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right — it can hardly be classed as Literature.

該句也是一個因果關係的`並列句。結果為With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult，其中however是插入語，表示此句與上一句之間是轉折關係;原因為for之後的部分whatever Futurist poetry may be — even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right — it can hardly be classed as Literature，其中破折號之間的部分even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right是插入語，on which it is based是the theory的定語從句，it指代Futurist poetry。

注意however一詞是對上一句內容的轉折信號，瞭解這一點，the case is rather difficult的意思就不難領會了。同時要抓住作者的態度，他對未來主義詩歌是持完全否定的態度的。

③ We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs.

該句中主句為We must pour out a large stream of essential words，而unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs是過去分詞引導的伴隨狀語。

注意or連接的qualifying adjectives和finite verbs與stops並列，而不與a large stream of essential words並列。

④ But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river — and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: "Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms."

句中開始的it是形式主語，它指代的是to read及後面的定語從句和to find及其後面的賓語從句。that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river是read的賓語從句，其中off which they both fall into the river是bridge的定語從句;that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: "Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms."是find的賓語從句

該句相對較複雜，一定要注意upsetting的意思，它是指當我們先是從註釋中得知某詩行講述了一個場景，便懷着新奇感去讀原文，結果卻發現原文如此枯燥拙劣，心中不免感到不舒服。

⑤ All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression.

此處的that從句是proposition的同位語，説明了其內容。

注意句中的雙重否定：no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition沒有一個有思想的人能否決他們自己最初的主張，也就是“幾乎人人都會堅持自己最初的主張”。

　　試題解析：

9【正確答案】[B]

意為：對未來派詩歌的評述。本文是一篇文學評論。第一段開門見山地對未來派詩歌進行批評，指出，無論未來派詩歌是什麼東西——即使承認其理論根據是正確的，卻很難將它歸作是文學作品。第二段簡述了未來派詩歌誕生的基本歷史背景，第三、四段又轉入對它的批評。注意第四段第一句對第一段第二句的照應。

A意為：對新的藝術理論的評價。這個選擇項表達的內容過泛，缺乏針對性。C意為：有關未來主義運動的優點。D意為：有關文學(創作)的法則和要求。這個選擇項表達的內容過泛，缺乏針對性。

10. 【正確答案】 [A]

意為：確認其目的。第一段第一句指出，每當一個新藝術思潮達到一定流行程度時，(在評價它之前)最好先找出其倡導者的目的，因為，無論其(創作)原則在今天看來可能是多麼不着邊際、多麼荒謬，但是在未來它也許會被看做是正常的東西。

B意為：忽視其缺陷。C意為：追隨這些新思潮。D意為：接受其(創作)原則。

11.【正確答案】 [C]

意為：挖掘新的表達方式。第二段簡述了未來派詩歌誕生的基本歷史背果。未來派認為，一個世紀以來，生活狀況一直在有條件地加速發展，以致我們今天生活在一個喧鬧、暴力和迅變的世界裏，結果，我們的感覺、思想和情感經歷了相應的變化。未來派認為，這種生活(節奏)的加快需要一種新的表達方式(與之相適應)。

A意為：增加文學作品的創作(數量)。第二段第四句指出，為了詮釋當今世界的(生活)壓力，我們必須加快文學的創作。這裏所説的speed up our literature的具體內容包括下兩句提到的文學創作方法，並非指加大文學作品的創作數量。B意為：用詩歌來化解當今的壓力。見對選擇項[A]的解釋，interpret(解釋)的意思不同於relieve(緩解;解除)。D意為：不使用形容詞和動詞。第二段第五甸的意思是：我們(在詩歌中)注入大量的基本詞彙，這一語流不為句號、修飾性形容詞或限定性動詞所打斷。從這句來看，並沒有提到不使用形容詞和動詞。

12. 【正確答案】 [D]

意為：與其説是文學(作品)不如説是一種暫時的現象。在最後一段最後一句作者反問道：我們的時代真的發生了根本變化嗎?言外之意，我們生活的變化被未來主義考誇大了，因此他們對歷史和現實的認識是不正確的，所以其理論根據是站不住腳的。

A意為：基於合理的原理。B意為：對普通人來説是新的、易於接受的。D意為：表明人性的根本變化。

　　全文翻譯：

當一場新的藝術運動形成某種時尚時，理應弄清其倡導者的目標所在，因為無論他們的準則在今天看來是多麼牽強附會、不可思議，將來都有可能被視為正常的。然而，就未來派詩歌而言，情況卻相當不同，因為無論未來派詩歌為何物——即使承認其理論根據可能正確，也很難稱之為文學。

簡而言之，未來派詩人宣稱：一個世紀以來，過去的生活一直在有條件地急劇變化;現在，我們生活在一個充斥着喧囂、暴力和快節奏的世界之中。因此，我們的感情、思想和情緒都經歷了相應的變化。未來派詩人聲稱，這種加速的生活節奏需要一種新的表達形式。如果我們想詮釋現代生活的壓力，就必須加快文學發展的步伐。我們必須大量使用基本詞彙，擺脱句號，修飾性形容詞及限定動詞的羈絆。我們不應描繪聲音，我們必須造出模仿聲音的詞語;我們必須在同一張紙上使用不同型號和不同顏色的墨水，任意縮短或加長詞語。

他們對戰鬥的描述確實讓人很難理解。但是讀到一句描寫戰鬥的詩行的註解時，則令人有點生厭，註解中説該詩描寫了一名土耳其軍官和一名保加利亞軍官在一座橋上發生了搏鬥，結果雙雙從橋上掉進河中——結果，詩把他們兩人落水的聲音和體重寫在了一起：“撲通!撲通!185公斤。”

儘管這符合未來派詩歌的規則和要求，卻很難被歸入文學之列。實際上，沒有一個善於思考的人會拒絕接受他們的第一個觀點：即情感生活的巨大變化要求表達方式也隨之變化。實際問題是：我們發生了根本的變化嗎?