2017年職稱英語理工閲讀考試題及答案

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　　Hurricane Katrina

A hurricane is a fiercely powerful, rotating form of tropical storm that can be 124 to 1,240 miles in diameter. The term hurricane is derived from Hurican, the name of a native American storm god. Hurricanes are typical of a calm central region of low pressure between 12 to 60 miles in diameter, known as the eye. They occur in tropical regions. Over its lifetime, one of these storms can release as much energy as 10,000 nuclear bombs.

The seed for hurricane formation5 is a cluster of thunderstorms over warm tropical waters. Hurricanes can only form and be fed when the sea-surface temperature exceeds 27℃ and the surrounding atmosphere is calm. These requirements are met between June and November in the northern hemisphere.

Under these conditions, large quantities of water evaporate and condense into clouds and rain - releasing heat in the process. It is this heat energy, combined with the rotation of the Earth, that drives a hurricane.

When the warm column of air from the sea surface first begins to rise, it causes an area of low pressure. This in turn creates wind as air is drawn into the area. This spinning wind drags up more moisture-laden air from the sea surface in a process that swells the storm. Cold air falls back to the ocean surface through the eye and on the outside of the storm.

Initially, when wind speeds reach 23 miles per hour, these mild, wet and grey weather systems are known as depressions. Hurricane Katrina formed in this way over the south-eastern Bahamas on 23 August 2005. Katrina has had a devastating impact on the Gulf Coast of the US, leaving a disaster zone of 90,000 square miles in its wake - almost the size of the UK. Thousands have been killed or injured and more than half a million people have been displaced in a humanitarian crisis of a scale not seen in the US since the great depression. The cost of the

damage may top $100 billion.

　　練習：

1. What is the eye of a hurricane?

A) A native American storm god.

B) A rotating form of tropical storm that can be 124 to 1240 miles in diameter

C) A calm central region of low pressure between 12 to 60 miles in diameter.

D) A storm that can release as much energy as 10,000 nuclear bombs.

2. Which of the following is NOT the "requirements" mentioned in the second paragraph?

A) The tropical waters are warm and calm.

B) The sea-surface temperature exceeds 27~C.

C) There are thunderstorms over warm tropical waters.

D) The atmosphere surrounding the sea is calm.

3. Which of the following is the best explanation of the word "drive" in the third paragraph?

A) To guide, control, or direct.

B) To force to go through or push in / hammer in.

C) To supply the motive force or power and cause to function.

D) To force to move in a particular direction.

4. What does the warm air mentioned in the fourth paragraph produce when it is rising from thesea surface?

A) High pressure

B) Low pressure.

C) Wind.

D) Cold air.

5. What is NOT true of Hurricane Katrina according to the last paragraph?

A) The area affected is almost the size of the UK.

B) It left a disaster zone of 90,000 square miles.

C) Half a million people are forced to leave the area.

D) The humanitarian crisis is as serious as that of the great depression

【答案】CACBD

　　譯文：

　　卡特里娜颶風

颶風是一種猛烈、強力、螺旋形式的熱帶風暴。直徑可達124到1240英里。颶風hurricane一詞是由Hurican一詞衍生而來，指印第安人風暴之神的名字。颶風的特徵是其中 心的無風區域，那裏的氣壓低，直徑在12到60英里之間，被稱做風眼。它們在熱帶區域出 現。在颶風肆虐的整個過程中，有一種颶風可釋放相當於1萬顆核彈的能量。

颶風形成的.原因是由於雷暴聚集在温暖的熱帶水面之上。只有當海平面的温度超過27攝氏度並且周圍的空氣穩定時，颶風才能形成，壯大。在六月到十一月之間的北半球這些條件可被達到。

在這種情況下，大量的水蒸氣凝結成雲和雨，並在此過程中釋放熱量。正是這些熱能，加上地球的自轉驅動着颶風。

當海平面的柱狀暖氣流首次開始上升時，它會引起一片低氣壓區。而這連帶地形成了 風，因為空氣被吸引流動進這一低氣壓區域。這一旋轉運動的風帶起了海面上更多的充滿 水汽的空氣。這一過程增大了暴風的威力。冷空氣通過暴風中心降回海面，落到暴風外 圍。

一開始，當風速達到每小時23英里時，這些温和、潮濕灰色的氣候系統被稱做低氣壓 區。2005年的8月23日，卡特里娜颶風以這種方式在巴哈馬羣島東南形成。卡特里娜颶風對美國的墨西哥灣沿岸造成了毀滅性打擊。其後留下了面積為9萬平方英里的受災區域——幾乎和英國的面積一樣大。數以千計的人因此傷亡。五十多萬人被迫離開家園，如

此大規模的人道主義危機是美國自大蕭條以來還未經歷過的。此次颶風造成的破壞可能超過l千億美元。