英語專四閲讀理解解題關鍵技巧大綱

在信息社會的今天，閲讀是人們獲得科學發展最新信息的重要途徑。從學生畢業後的實際需要來看，他們要從浩如煙海的外語資料中獲得有關信息，沒有較強的英語閲讀能力不行。對學生來説，要順利完成大學英語學習，達到大綱的要求，特別是真正地學會把英語作為獲取信息的工具，加強閲讀訓練，提高英語閲讀能力是十分重要的。在閲讀過程中，抓文章的主題思想，是對文中具體內容理解的關鍵。

主題思想(the Main Idea)是作者在文章中要表達的核心內容，也是作者自始至終要説明的問題。能否抓住一篇文章的主題思想，體現了讀者總結、概括和歸納事物的能力。可以説，找出主題思想是一項十分重要的閲讀技能。

　　一、抓主題思想，我們首先要學會識別文章中那些最根本、最具有概括力的信息。這種信息應能歸納和概括文中其他信息所具有的共性。例一：

Directions：Choose the most general sentence.

hotel offers complimentary coffee from 7to y.

e are many reasons why guests feel at home at the Glorietta Bay Inn.

coin-operated laundry room has an ironing board.

e are a number of extra services at the Glorietta Bay Inn including baby-sitting.

A、C、D都是從不同的側面説明旅館的服務情況，相互間並無聯繫。而B卻概括了A、C、D的共性的東西，即：為什麼旅客住在這家旅館裏有賓至如歸的感覺。因此，B符合題意，倘若在一段文章中包含了以上A、B、C、D幾條信息，那麼，B就是該段的中心思想。出於同樣的道理，如果在一篇文章中，作者分段敍述幾方面的內容，那麼，這些段落所圍繞和要説明的問題就是該文的中心思想。例二：

Directions：Choose the main idea of the article.(Following are the topic sentences of an article.)

1)A mounting body of evidence suggests that fighting violence with violence rarely deters a crime in progress and greatly increases the chances of changing a robbery into a violent attack on the victim....

2)One report shows that at least 100 thousand handguns are stolen from private owners each year，the vast majority during burglaries....

3)Moreover，a study of robberies in eight American cities states that in less than 4 percent of the crimes did the victim have the opportunity to use a weapon....

Which of the following best reflects the main idea of the article?

happens to the victims of crime?

your family safe?

ld you arm yourself against crime?

第一段和第三段提到了victims(受害者)，第二段提到了入室行竊，但是第三段説明的共同問題是人們是否應擁有自衞武器來反對犯罪行為。因此只有選項C才能概括這三段所共同説明的問題，也就是此文的中心思想。

　　二、主題思想應能恰如其分地概括文中所闡述的內容。面不能太窄，即：不足以概括全部內容;但是面也不能太寬，即：包含了文中沒有闡述的內容。例三：

Directions：Read the following and choose the title that best expresses the ideas of the passage.

There is a simple economic principle used to determine is called the law of supply and ly means the amount of，or access to，certain nd represents the number of people who want those there are more goods than wanted，the price of them the other hand，if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply， then the price course，manufacturers prefer to sll more goods at increased price.

omic Principles

of Supply and Demand

C.M ore Goods，Lower Prices

r Goods，Higher Prices

該問題，A泛指經濟規律，面過寬;C和D只是供需規則的二個單獨的方面，不能包含全部，面太窄。正確的.答案是B，因為這正是該短文自始至終談論的主題。

　　三、一段文章的中心思想常常由主題句(Topic Sentence)表達。主題句常常位於段首或段尾處，間或出現在段落中間。同樣，一篇文章的中心思想也常常在開始或結尾段點出。因此在閲讀中，我們要特別注意文章的開頭或結尾。例四：

English is clearly an international is spoken by pilots and airport control operators on all the airways of the 70 percent of the world's radio programs are in English.

本段主題句為首句，其後的內容句均説明首句。例五：

Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to rs prefer to be left to work on their l others like a democratic discussion type of one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.

本段中心思想在結尾句得到體現，它是此段內容的結論。例六：

For adults a cold is not that ver，this is not the case for symptoms in children may be signs of more serious diseases and should be given prompt medical attention.

本段主題句為第二句，因為在however後面才是作者真正的看法，並在下文中進一步作了説明。

然而，我們也常常發現，有的主題思想並非直接由一、二個句子表述，而是在文中間接暗示着。這就需要讀者根據文中細節進行概括與歸納，找出主題思想。例七：

It's no wonder that we have so many rejections for physical reasons in our Selective e October of 1948，some six million young men have been examined for military these，more than a million were rejected as physically unfit for military get two men today，the United States Army must call seven the five rejected three are turned down for physical reasons and two for mental get the 196thousand additional men we needed for Berlin，the government had to call up 750 thousand the rejection rate is increasing each reason for this problem is that we are underexercised as a look，instead of ride，instead of way we live prevents us from being healthy.

本段中找不到某一句作為主題。根據文中的內容進行歸納，可找出主題思想，即：“The military's rejection rate for physical reason is increasing because this nation's lack of exercise is leading to poor health.”

在確定一篇文章的中心思想時，我們通常用快讀的方法，從頭至尾將全文瀏覽一遍，注意不要被個別詞、句難住而停下來。要從上下文的連貫意思上來理解全文，看看全文談論的是什麼主題(Subject)、作者是從哪幾個方面(Aspects)來進行闡述的、有關這個主題我們瞭解了些什麼。這樣，就可以比較有把握地概括出中心思想了。