2017上半年CATTI二级笔译模拟试题及答案
Social control refers to social processes, planned or unplanned, by which people are taught, persuaded, or forced to conform to norms. In every society, some punishments or negative sanctions are established for deviant behavior. Without deviant behavior there would not be need for social control and without social control there would not be a way of recognizing the boundary between the acceptable and the unacceptable.
Social control may be either formal or informal. Informal mechanisms include expressions of disapproval by significant others and withholding of positive rewards for disapproved behavior. Most people internalize norms in the course of socialization. This is any group’s most powerful protection against deviance, in that the individual’s own conscience operates as an agent of social control. When informal sanctions fail, formal agents of social control may be called upon. In contemporary society, such formal agents and agencies include psychiatry and other mental health professions; mental hospitals; police and courts of law; prisons; and social welfare agencies. All these formal agents function to limit, correct, and control violation of norms. Conflict theorists would also point out that social control agents and systems tend, in any society, to serve the interests of powerful groups and to enforce the norms most beneficial to those who make the rules and who, therefore, define unacceptable behavior.
Social control, whether formal or informal, has a dual function. First, it punishes the wrongdoer and reaffirms the boundaries of acceptable behavior. Second, and less recognized, it regulates the manner in which deviants are treated.
1. Social control refers to processes by which ____.
A. norms are developed
B. norms are enforced
C. people are educated and trained
D. people are rewarded and punished
2. Every society has its own ____.
A. planned systems
B. controlled norms
C. recognized boundary
D. established sanctions
3. Informal mechanisms of social control include the following EXCEPT ____.
A. a high level of interest in ensuring conformity
B. expression of disapproval by significant others
C. withholding of positive rewards for the deviants
D. people’s internalization of norms in socialization
4. The most powerful protection against deviance is ____.
A. negative sanctions
B. severe punishments
C. the individual’s conscience
D. unrestrained suppression
5. Formal agents of social control include the following EXCEPT ____.
A. police stations
B. mental hospitals
C. welfare agencies
D. vocational schools
6. The purpose of formal agents is to ____.
A. make beneficial rules
B. preserve social orders
C. control violation of norms
D. define acceptable behavior
7. Which statement about social control agents is NOT true?
A. They tend to serve the interest of those who enforce the norms.
B. They tend to serve the interest of those who receive a benefit.
C. They tend to serve the interest of those who make the rules.
D. They tend to serve the interest of those who are powerful.
8. According to conflict theorists, social control agents and systems are ____.
A. liberal
B. partial
C. neutral
D. overall
9. In the third paragraph, “a dual function” refers to ____.
A. formal and informal
B. rewards and penalities
C. approval and disapproval
D. clarification and regulation
10. The perspective from which the author discusses social control is ____.
A. biological B. sociological C. psychological D. anthropological
参考答案:
1-5 BADCD 6-10 CBBDB
-
翻译资格考试评分标准2017
2017年上半年翻译资格考试很快就要开始了,小编下面为大家整理关于翻译资格考试的评分标准,一起来看看吧!问1:二笔的两门考试,有固定的合格分数线吗?答:每年都会在成绩公布之后公布合格标准,一般是两科同时达到60分。问2:考试成绩多久能查到?答:考试结束60天之后,请关注翻...
-
2017翻译资格考试CATTI初级口译译文阅读
1、国际烟草控制公约女士们,先生们:首先,我要告诉大家一个好消息。一个以降低死亡与疾病主要原因为目的的公约刚刚生效。这个公约就是《烟草控制框架公约》,它是由世界卫生组织主持达成的第一个(具有法律效力的)国际公共卫生条约。已经有160多个国家在公约上签字,签...
-
2016翻译资格考试初级笔译全真练习
英语的翻译资格考试不管是中翻英还剩英翻中都要多加练习,以下是小编yjbys为您整理的一些关于2016翻译资格考试初级笔译全真练习,欢迎阅读参考,同时祝所有考生获得理想的好成绩!中翻英:1.翻译微实践请翻译:俄罗斯消息,莫斯科警方建议市民勿借愚人节报假案,此类玩笑依...
-
5月翻译资格考试中级冲刺模拟题
2016年的翻译资格考试是在五月的二十一号和二十二号举行,那么下面是小编yjbys为您推荐的关于5月翻译资格考试中级冲刺模拟题,欢迎参考!ThefirstoutlineofTheAscentofManwaswritteninJuly1969andthelastfootoffilmwasshotinDecember1972.Anundertakingaslargeasth...